Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology Summer 2019 > Chapter 2: Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Cluster of systemic manifestations that represent an attempt to cope with a stressor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Local Adaptation Syndrome

A

Localized version of the general adaptation syndrome.Restricted to one location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two stress adaptions?

A

Local Adaptation Syndrome, General Adaptation Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Physiological Response to Stress

A

increased heart rate, increased respirations, diaphoresis (sweating), increased blood flow to muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Systems activated during the Physiological Response to Stress

A

sympathetic and the endocrine systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stages of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alarm Stage

A

the fight-or-flight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Resistance Stage

A

adaption, return to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exhaustion

A

Adaption failing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Example of Local Adaptation Syndrome

A

seen in the local inflammatory reaction that results from tissue trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adaptive coping strategies of Adaption syndrome

A

physical activity, adequate sleep, optimal dietary status, relaxation, distraction, and biofeedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Maladaptive coping strategies of Adaption syndrome

A

smoking, consuming alcohol or drugs, and overeating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Immune system

A

Self-regulated
Self-limiting
Must be able to distinguish self from non-self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First Line of Defense

A

Nonspecific - Does NOT distinguish between pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Second Line of Defense

A

Responds to antigens that penetrate the first line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammatory response consist of?

A

Pyrogens
Interferons
Complement proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inflammatory Reaction

A

erythema (redness), edema (swelling), heat, and pain at the site of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Process of Second Line of Defense

A

Vasoconstriction -> vasodilatation -> Leukocyte migration -> Phagocytosis of pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pyrogens

A

Fever producing molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pyrogens produced by?

A

macrophages that have been exposed by bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Interferons

A

do not protect cells already infected by a virus, but rather stop the spread of the virus to new cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Complement Proteins

A

form a membrane attack complex which attacks and kill the bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Third Line of Defense

A

Specific, Uses Memory system, Distinguishes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Third Line of Defense consist of?

A

T cells: cell-mediated immunity,

B cells: humoral (antibody) mediated immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Two types of Acquired Immunity

A

Active immunity, Passive Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Physiological Response to Stress

A

increased heart rate, increased respirations, diaphoresis (sweating), increased blood flow to muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Systems activated during the Physiological Response to Stress

A

sympathetic and the endocrine systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Stages of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Alarm Stage

A

the fight-or-flight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Resistance Stage

A

adaption, return to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Exhaustion

A

Adaption failing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Example of Local Adaptation Syndrome

A

seen in the local inflammatory reaction that results from tissue trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Adaptive coping strategies of Adaption syndrome

A

physical activity, adequate sleep, optimal dietary status, relaxation, distraction, and biofeedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Maladaptive coping strategies of Adaption syndrome

A

smoking, consuming alcohol or drugs, and overeating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

The immunity that is not present at birth but acquired after that.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Active immunity

A

disease and vaccinations, long lasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Passive immunity

A

maternal-fetal transfer of immunoglobulins and breastfeeding, short lasting

38
Q

Alterations in Immunity

A

Hypersensitivity , Autoimmune, immunodeficiency

39
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

inflated immune response to a foreign substance

40
Q

Autoimmune

A

mistakes self as non-self

41
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

inadequate immune reaction

42
Q

Classifications of Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Type I (anaphylactic), Type II (cytotoxic), Type III (Immune complex), Type IV (cell-mediated or delayed type)

43
Q

Type I

A

IgE mediated

44
Q

What do IgE antibodies bind to?

A

mast cells

45
Q

Examples of Type I

A

hay fever, food allergies, and anaphylaxis

46
Q

The response of Type I?

A

immediate

47
Q

Type II

A

IgG or IgM type antibodies

48
Q

Examples of Type II?

A

Blood transfusion reaction and erythroblastosis fetalis

49
Q

Lysis of cells

A

occurs because of the activation of the complement followed by phagocytosis.

50
Q

Type III

A

antigen-antibody complexes

51
Q

Type III triggers?

A

the complement system and inflammation

52
Q

Examples of Type III?

A

Autoimmune conditions

53
Q

Type IV

A

cell-mediated rather than antibody-mediated

54
Q

The response of Type IV?

A

delayed processing of the antigen by macrophages

55
Q

Examples of Type IV?

A

tuberculin skin testing, transplant reactions, and contact dermatitis

56
Q

Transplants

A

Making the best match of tissue antigens is the core for success

57
Q

4 categories of transplants

A

Allogenic, Syngenic, Autologous, Xenogenic

58
Q

Allogenic

A

donor and recipient are related or unrelated, but share similar tissue types

59
Q

Syngenic

A

donor and recipient are identical twins

60
Q

Autologous

A

donor & recipient are the same person; most successful

61
Q

Xenogenic

A

transplants use tissue from another species. e.g., pig heart valves to replace diseased valves

62
Q

Patterns of Transplant Reactions

A

Hyperacute, Acute, Chronic

63
Q

Hyperacute

A

Immediate or 3 days after transplant

64
Q

Acute

A

Most common occurs between 4 days and 3 months after transplant. Cell-mediated rejection

65
Q

Chronic

A

Occurs 4 months to years after transplant

66
Q

Transplant Reaction Classifications

A

Host vs Graft Disease, and Graft vs Host Disease

67
Q

Graft vs Host Disease

A

graft fights host, Frequent and potentially fatal complication of bone marrow transplants, host’s cells are destroyed

68
Q

Host vs Graft Disease

A

hosts fight grafts

69
Q

Autoimmune Disorders

A

The mechanism that triggers this response is not clear, associated with an abnormal stressor

70
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

The chronic inflammatory, autoimmune condition affecting connective tissues.

71
Q

when autoantigen combines it forms what?

A

immune complexes

72
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus reactions

A

Butterfly rash over the cheeks of the face, Photosensitivity, Arthritis, Antinuclear/Anti-DNA antibody

73
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus diagnosis

A

X-rays, elevated sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein, and blood testing for complications

74
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment

A

No cure, Stress management and health promotion behaviors, Pharmacological, Plasmapheresis

75
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

Diminished or absent immune response, making an individual have a week immune system making them opportunistic to infections

76
Q

Classification of immunodeficiency

A

Primary and secondary

77
Q

Primary

A

Defect with the immune

system

78
Q

secondary

A

Underlying disease suppressing the immune system

79
Q

At Risk Individuals for Immune Dysfunction

A

Very young, very old, Corticosteroid therapy, chemotherapy, Immunodeficiency states

80
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) , deadly sexually transmitted disease by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),

81
Q

HIV infects?

A

CD4+ T cells

82
Q

AIDS isthe syndrome that?

A

appears in advanced stages of HIV infection

83
Q

HIV is the virus?

A

attacks the T-cells in the immune system.

84
Q

HIV transmission

A

Sexual contact, Parenteral inoculation, vertical transmission

85
Q

Stages of HIV: A CDC Classification

A

Acute HIV infection, Clinical latency, AIDS

86
Q

Stage 1: Acute HIV infection

A

A flu-like illness

87
Q

Stage 2: clinical latency

A

asymptomatic HIV infectionorchronic, HIV is still active but reproduces at very low levels

88
Q

Stage 3: AIDS

A

the most severe phase of HIV infection

89
Q

Symptoms of AIDS

A

Chills, fever, sweats, swollen lymph glands, weakness, and weight loss

90
Q

Diagnosis of AIDS

A

CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3

91
Q

AIDS treatment

A

There’s no cure

Pathophysiology Summer 2019 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions