Benign conditions of the ovary

Question 1

4 Major types of benign ovarian cysts are

Answer 1

1. Functional ovarian cysts
2. Inflammatory cysts
3. Germ cell cysts
4. Epithelial cysts
5. Sex chord stromal cysts

Question 2

Types of benign functional cysts

Answer 2

1. Follicular cyst 2. Corpus luteal cyst 3. Theca luteal cyst

Question 3

Functional ovarian cyst

Answer 3

1. Sac forms on the surface of the woman’s ovary that holds the maturing egg ( during or after ovulation)
2. Cyst forms when ovary does not release egg and sac fills up with fluid instead.
3. Commonly regress after several menstrual cycles

Question 4

How does a Corpus luteal cyst present?

Answer 4

1. Occur following ovulation 2. Present with pain due to rupture or hemorrhage

Question 5

Theca luteal cysts

Answer 5

1. Associated with pregnancy espec multiple pregnancy
2. Diagnosed routinely on ultrasound

Question 6

Where do benign epithelial tumors originate from?

Answer 6

Arise from the ovarian surface epithelium

Question 7

Serous cystadenoma

Answer 7

1. the most common benign epithelial tumour which bears a resemblance to the most common type of ovarian cancer (serous carcinoma)
2. bilateral in around 20%

Question 8

Mucinous cystadenoma

Answer 8

1. second most common benign epithelial tumour 2. they are typically large and may become massive 3. if ruptures may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei

Question 9

Two types of benign epithelial tumors

Answer 9

1. Serous cystadenoma
2. Mucinous cystadenoma

Question 10

Name 1 Inflammatory ovarian cyst

Answer 10

1. Endometrioma - also known as chocolate cysts and associated with pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 11

Sex chord stromal - name two types of benign ovarian cyst

Answer 11

1. Fibroma
2. Thecoma

Question 12

What are sex chord stromal tumors?

Answer 12

Solid ovarian tumors composed of stromal cells

Question 13

How do sex stromal tumors present?

Answer 13

Present in older women with torsion due to the heaviness of the ovaries

Question 14

Germ cell - name 1 benign ovarian cyst ?

Answer 14

Dermoid cyst

Question 15

How do Dermoid cysts present?

Answer 15

Usually assymptomatic

Question 16

Tx of Dermoid Cyst

Answer 16

1. Diagnose by MRI 2. Surgical excision 3. Torsion may require oophorectomy

Question 17

What is the most common form of germ cell tumor?

Answer 17

Dermoid cyst/ Cystic teratoma

Question 18

When is a diagnosis of an ovarian cyst made?

Answer 18

Diagnosis is made when cyst > 3 cm

Question 19

Which is the most common ovarian tumor in young women?

Answer 19

Germ cell tumors

Question 20

What does the Dermoid cyst consist of?

Answer 20

1. Combination of all tissue types; Mesenchymal Epithelial Stromal 2. Any mature tissue such as muscle, cartilage, bone or teeth

Question 21

Tumors common in peri menopausal women

Answer 21

Benign epithelial tumors

Question 22

Most common type ovarian tumour

Answer 22

Ovarian fibromas

Question 23

Corpus luteum cyst

Answer 23

1. during the menstrual cycle if pregnancy doesn’t occur the corpus luteum usually breaks down and disappears. 2. If this doesn’t occur the corpus luteum may fill with blood or fluid and form a corpus luteal cyst

Question 24

Epithelial ovarian cancer tumour marker

Answer 24

CA125

Question 25

Granulosa cell tumor - tumor marker

Answer 25

Inhibin

Question 26

Beta HCG is the tumor marker for;

Answer 26

Dysgerminoma Choriocarcinoma

Question 27

AFP is the tumor marker for

Answer 27

1. Endodermal yolk sac 2. Teratoma