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CARDIOLOGY > CANCER > Flashcards

CANCER Flashcards

1
Q

Bevacizumab

A

Inhibits vascular endothelial growth factors

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2
Q

Bevacizumab MHRA

A

Risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw - those at risk include those who previously received bisphosphonates, dental examination and appropriate preventative dentistry, avoid invasive dental procedures with IV bisphosphonates

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3
Q

Iplimumab

A

T cell activation resulting in tumour cell death

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4
Q

Iplimumab MHRA

A

Reports of cytomegalovirus, GI infection or reactivation - contact healthcare professional if symptoms of colitis

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5
Q

Bevacizumab monitoring

A

Necrotising fascilitis, blood pressure, congestive heart failure, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, dental check up

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6
Q

Iplimumab monitoring

A

LFT, thyroid, GI perforation, Immune related side effects

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7
Q

Rituximab

A

Anti-lymphocyte antibodies cause lysis of B lymphocytes

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8
Q

Rituximab monitoring

A

Hepatitis B infection and reactivation

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9
Q

Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab

A

HER2 receptor antibody - monitor cardiac function as cardiotoxic, ensure resuscitation facilities available

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10
Q

Protective factors in breast cancers

A

Breastfeeding, physical activity

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11
Q

Triple negative breast cancer

A

Platinum and anthracycline

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12
Q

Pre menopausal breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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13
Q

Post menopausal breast cancer

A

Aromatase inhibitors, can use bisophosphonates

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14
Q

Invasive breast cancer recurrence

A

Anthracycline followed by taxane

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15
Q

Post menopausal with uterus familial breast cancer

A

Raloxifene hydrochloride

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16
Q

Cyclophosphamide/Ifosfamide

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis - acrolein metabolite, increase fluid intake for 24 to 48 hours

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17
Q

Cyclophosphamide cystitis prevention

A

Mesna - prophylaxis in high dose therapy over 2g or high risk

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18
Q

Doxorubicin administration

A

21 day interval

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19
Q

Doxorubicin monitoring

A

ECG - cardiomyopathy, limit cumulative doses to 450mg/m2

20
Q

Doxorubicin side effects

A

Extravasation, Cardiomyopathy, Elevated bilrubin, hand foot syndrome

21
Q

Liposomal doxorubicin

A

Reduced incidence of cardiotoxicity and local necrosis

22
Q

Hand foot syndrome symptoms

A

Painful, macular redding skin eruptions

23
Q

Doxorubicin and hand foot syndrome

A

Occurs after 2 to 3 treatment cycles, prevented by cooling hands and feet, avoid socks, gloves or tight fitting clothes

24
Q

Capecitabine metabolism

A

Prodrug of fluorouracil

25
Q

Capecitabine monitoring

A

Calcium concentration and eye disorders

26
Q

Capecitabine side effects

A

Severe skin reactions, hand foot syndrome (interrupt treatment), eye disorders (keratitis, corneal disorders)

27
Q

Bleomycin

A

Progressive pulmonary fibrosis - dose related, chest xray to assess pulmonary toxicity

28
Q

Cisplatin administeation

A

Intensive IV hydration required and treatment can be complicated by nausea and vomiting

29
Q

Cisplatin monitoring

A

FBC, audiology, plasma electrolytes and renal function

30
Q

Docetaxel pretreatment

A

Dexamethasone oral - reduce fluid retention and hypersensitivity reactions

31
Q

Vinca alkaloids

A

IV administration only, intrathecally severe neurotoxicity

32
Q

Toxicity recording

A

Common toxicity criteria for adverse events

33
Q

Oral mucositis

A

Fluorouracil, methotrexate, anthracyclines

34
Q

Tumour lysis predisposition

A

hyperuricaemia, dehydration, renal impairment

35
Q

Tumour lysis features

A

Hyperkalaemia, hyperuricaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, renal damage, arrhythmia

36
Q

Hyperuricaemia

A

More common in high grade lymphoma and leukeamia

  • start allopurinol 24 hours before
  • start febuxostat 2 days before
37
Q

Hyperuricaemia and malignancy

A

Rasburicase - recombinant urate oxidase

38
Q

Bone marrow suppression

A

All cytotoxics except Bleomycin and vincristine

39
Q

Delayed bone marrow suppression

A

Carmustine, Lomustine, Melphalian

40
Q

Possible permanent male sterility

A

Alkylating agents, procarbazine

41
Q

Highly emotogenic

A

Cisplatin, Dacarbazine, high dose cyclophosphamide

42
Q

Moderately emetogenic

A

Taxanes, anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide (low and intermediate dose), mitoxantrone, methotrexate (more than 100mg/m2)

43
Q

Low risk of emesis

A

Pre treat with dexamethasone or lorazepam

44
Q

High risk of emesis

A

5HT3 antagonist in combination with dexamethasone, aprepitant

45
Q

Prostate cancer treatment

A

LHRH - Buserelin, Goserelin, Leuprorelin

46
Q

LHRH side effects

A

Urinary and sexual dysfunction, gynaecomastia, osteoporosis, hot flushes

47
Q

Gynaecomastia treatmetn

A

Bicalutamide

CARDIOLOGY (8 decks)

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