Anaesthetics

Question 1

Acute porphyria contraindication

Answer 1

Thiopental sodium, ketamine

Question 2

Driving

Answer 2

Risk for at least 24 hours

Question 3

Propofol

Answer 3

Most commonly used in adults and children

Question 4

Propofol properties

Answer 4

Rapid recovery and less hangover effects

Question 5

Propofol monitoring

Answer 5

Blood lipids

Question 6

Thiopental sodium properties

Answer 6

Smooth and rapid induction, no analgesic properties, effects can persist for 24 hours

Question 7

Etomidate properties

Answer 7

Rapid recovery without hangover, less hypotension, high incidence of extraneous muscle movements

Question 8

Extraneous muscle movements

Answer 8

Minimised by opioid analgesic or short acting benzodiazepines

Question 9

Ketamine

Answer 9

Mainly used in paediatric anaesthetic or when repeated administration required

Question 10

Ketamine properties

Answer 10

Slow recover, high incidence of extraneous muscle movements, hallucinations and nightmares

Question 11

Oxygen with inhalation anaesthetic

Answer 11

Minimum of 25% at all times, over 30% required with nitrous oxide

Question 12

Side effects of anaesthetics

Answer 12

Rhabdomyolysis, malignant hyperthermic, hyperkalaemia, hyper/hypotension, seizure, hypoxia, QT interval prolongation

Question 13

Isoflurane properties

Answer 13

Stable heart rhythm, heart rate can risk, preferred in obstetrics

Question 14

Desflurane properties

Answer 14

Rapid acting, less potent than isoflurane, rapid emergence and recovery, irritant to respiratory tract - not used for induction

Question 15

Sevoflurane properties

Answer 15

Rapid acting, more potent, non irritant, little effect on rhythm

Question 16

Nitrous oxide oxygen content

Answer 16

50 to 66%

Question 17

Nitrous oxide properties

Answer 17

Obstetrics, dangerous in head injury and pneumothorax

Question 18

Nitrous oxide side effects

Answer 18

Megaloblastic anaemia

Question 19

Common malignant hyperthermia trigger

Answer 19

Volatile anaesthetics, suxamethonium chloride

Question 20

Malignant hyperthermia treatment

Answer 20

Dantrolene sodium

Question 21

Dental anaesthesia

Answer 21

Diazepam, Temazepam

Question 22

Esters

Answer 22

Tetracaine, Cocaine, Procaine, Benzocaine

Question 23

Amide - contain ‘i’ before ‘caine’

Answer 23

Articaine, Bupivicaine, Levobupivicaine, Lidocaine, Mepivicaine, Prilocaine, Ropivicaine

Question 24

Hypersensitivity

Answer 24

More likely with ester type reactions

Question 25

Local anaesthetics side effects

Answer 25

Methaemoglobinaemia

Question 26

Bupivicaine

Answer 26

Long duration of action and slow onset

Question 27

Levobupivicaine

Answer 27

Isomer of bupivicaine with less side effects

Question 28

Lidocaine

Answer 28

Dental, surface anaesthetic up to 10%, used for bronchoscopy

Question 29

Prilocaine

Answer 29

Low toxicity

Question 30

Ropivicaine

Answer 30

Less cardiotoxic and less potent

Question 31

Tetracaine

Answer 31

Venepuncture, para-aminobenzoic acid ester

Question 32

Depolarising neuromuscular blocking drug

Answer 32

Suxamethonium - rapid onset and potentiated by neostigmine

Question 33

Suxamethonium single use

Answer 33

Tachycardia

Question 34

Suxamethonium multiple use or children

Answer 34

Bradycardia

Question 35

Short acting

Answer 35

15 to 30 mins, Mivacurinium

Question 36

Intermediate acting

Answer 36

30 to 40 mins, Rocuronium, Vecuronium, Atracurium

Question 37

Long acting

Answer 37

60 to 120mins, Pancuronium

Question 38

Aminosteroid

Answer 38

Pancuronium, Rocuronium, Vecuronium

Question 39

Benzylisoquinolinium

Answer 39

Atracurium, Cisatracurium, Mivacuronium - CAM

Question 40

Sugammadex

Answer 40

Reverses Rocuronium or Vecuronium in an emergency