7ER Engines & APU Flashcards by David Nierenberg

What conditions would lead to an aborted start and accomplishment of the Aborted Start checklist?

No oil pressure rise

Fuel flow abnormally high or fluctuating

No EGT increase by 20 secs after FUEL CONTROL switch to RUN

No N1 increase after EGT rise

EGT quickly nears or exceeds the start limit

Oil pressure not normal with engine at idle

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What is the required and target engine warmup time?

Required: 3 minutes

Target: 5 minutes

Do not delay takeoff after 3 minutes)

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What are the engine cooldown recommendations?

3 minutes

Engine may be shut down sooner for gate arrival

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During start, when should the FUEL CONTROL switch be placed to RUN?

With oil pressure increase and N2 rotation

Minimum 18% N2 (757), or 15% (767), but 25% is best (both)

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How is the minimum N2 to introduce fuel indicated?

A magenta bug on the N2 dial (displayed when the engine is shut down on the ground, or inflight when the X-BLD indication is also displayed)

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What is the APU starter duty cycle?

3 starts or start attempts in a 60 minute period

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What is the maximum altitude to use APU electrics?

Electrical power is available throughout the flight envelope

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What is the maximum altitude to use APU pneumatics?

Approximately 17,000 feet

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What protections do the EECs provide?

Overboost and N1/N2 overspeed protection, but not EGT overtemp protection

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What is the primary indication for setting thrust on P&W engines?

EPR

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What is the primary indication for setting thrust on GE engines?

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How can the APU shutdown sequence be cancelled if OFF is selected?

As long as the RUN light is still illuminated, momentarily move the APU selector to START

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What is the meaning of an APU RUN light?

The APU is at operating speed

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What is the meaning of an APU FAULT light?

A fault is sensed

The APU has automatically shut down

The APU fuel valve disagrees with the commanded position (this is why it illuminates momentarily during start)

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What is the engine starter duty cycle?

5 minutes, with 30 seconds of cooling per minute of operation

After two 5 minute cycles, cool for 10 minutes before attempting another start

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Where is the ENG OIL PRESS light located, and what is its meaning?

Left side of forward panel, below Standby Engine Indicator

Means the oil pressure is below minimum, or the oil pressure switch has malfunctioned

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What are the oil quantity requirements?

17 quarts recommended for start

If less than 17 quarts, verify at least 8 quarts after warmup

If less than 8 quarts after warmup, OCC approval is required

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Location and Function of Thrust Mode Select Panel (TSMP)?

Right side of forward panel

Push switch on panel to manually select a thrust reference mode (verify mode above primary thrust reference)

Rotate TEMP SEL knob to select an assumed temperature in lieu of setting via FMS

Push 1 or 2 to select the corresponding derated climb

Press TO/GA on TSMP to delete assumed temp and/or derated climb and select normal thrust

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How would the thrust reference mode appear for an assumed temperature takeoff with a climb derate of 2?

D-TO 2, with D-TO in blue and 2 in white

Assumed temperature in white above D-TO

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Where on the EICAS would a TAI indication appear, and what does it mean?

Above (PW) or below (GE) the N1 gauges

Green - Indicates engine anti-ice is on

Amber (757 only) - Indicates engine anti-ice is on, but N1 is too low for sufficient bleed air

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When and where does the TAI bug appear, and what is its meaning?

(757 only) Appears in the N1 gauges when engine anti-ice is on with a single bleed source available, and displays minimum N1 for sufficient bleed air

Green - N1 is above bug

Amber - N1 is below bug

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Where on the EICAS is TAT displayed? Is it accurate on the ground?

Upper EICAS, top center.

It is approximate on the ground

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How are engine exceedances displayed on the EICAS?

Study These Flashcards

Current value is shown in red with a red box and pointer. Highest exceedance is shown in white below the current value

Location/Function of the ENG START selectors?

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Center Overhead

GND (push and rotate) - opens start valve, arms selected igniters, snaps back to AUTO at 50% N2.

AUTO - start valve closed, igniters off, selected igniter operates automatically when slats are extended of engine anti-ice is on

OFF - igniters are off

CONT - selected igniters operate continuously (no time limit), on some 767s engine is set to a minimum of approach idle

FLT - both igniters operate continuously (no time limit)

(FUEL CONTROL switch must also be in RUN for igniters to function)

How to manually select both igniters?

Set Ignition Selector on Engine Control Panel to BOTH

What is the meaning of a VALVE light on the Engine Control Panel?

The start valve is not in the commanded position, or N2 exceeds 50% and the start valve is open

What is the function of the FUEL CONTROL switches?

RUN - opens engine and spar fuel valves, activates igniters CUT OFF - closes engine and spar fuel valves, deactivates igniters

What are the indications for the thrust reverser system?

REV above the primary thrust indication (EPR or N1): Green - reverser deployed Amber - reverser unlocked or in transit

What is the maximum N2 to engage the starter?

20% N2, except in case of fire. Never above 30%

What are the Climb 1 and Climb 2 derates?

Climb 1: 92% (757) or 90% (767) of climb thrust Climb 2: 85% (757) or 80% (767) of climb thrust

What happens if the EGT goes above the maximum continuous limit during takeoff or go-around?

The box, pointer, and dial all change to amber, but the indication will be white for the first 5 minutes (10 minutes for the 753 and GE 767s if an engine fails within the first five minutes)

What is the significance of the green EPR or N1 bug? When would it be magenta?

It identifies the reference limit EPR or N1. It is magenta when VNAV is engaged

What does the maximum EPR line look like, and what does it indicate?

Two amber lines If the EECs are functioning normally, EPR should not exceed this even if the thrust levers are at the forward stop

What happens if the EEC or EEC generator (PMA) fails?

The engine shuts down

What happens when the reverse thrust levers are moved to the interlock position?

The autothrottle disengages, the auto speedbrakes deploy, and the reverser isolation valve opens to deploy the reverser. REV shows in amber until the reverser is fully deployed, then turns to green

With its switch in AUTO, what will cause the Standby Engine Indicator to turn on?

Loss of AC power (no EPR indication) On the ground, if either CRT is failed and STATUS is selected The EICAS is failed

How can a L(R) BLEED OFF message after start be verified?

Advance thrust to 70% N2, the message should clear

On the 767, what is different between EEC normal and alternate modes?

NORM - the EEC provides overboost and overspeed protection ALTN - the EEC provides overspeed protection only

What would be the indication the EEC is operating in N1 mode?

(757) Blank EPR gauges and EICAS advisory ENGINE CONTROLS (767 PW) ALTN light in EEC switch, and EICAS advisory ENG EEC MODE

(757) What would be the indication the EEC is operating in N2 mode, and what are the effects?

ENG LIMIT PROT light (below the FUEL CONTROL switches), and ENG LIM PROT EICAS advisory (turns to caution at full thrust) Auto thrust limit protection is not available, crew must respect limits.

(757) When does automatic switching from primary to secondary EEC channel occur?

When the primary channel cannot properly control the engine, or after an engine is shutdown in flight (subsequent inflight starts and shutdowns will alternate between primary and secondary channels)

(757) What control modes are available to the primary and secondary EEC channels?

Primary - EPR, N1, N2 Secondary - N1, N2

How many batteries are required for APU start?

Two - the main and APU batteries

Where does the APU draw fuel from?

Left manifold via the left forward AC fuel pump, or via a dedicated DC fuel pump if no AC power is available

Describe the APU start sequence

APU selector to ON - fuel is supplied from left manifold via appropriate pump APU selector to START - APU fuel valve opens, APU fuel pump starts, APU door begins to open APU door open - starter engages, fuel and ignition are provided At normal speed - RUN light illuminates

How long does it take to shut down the APU?

If the APU bleed valve is open when the APU selector is moved to off, the valve closes snd then the APU starts a cooldown process before shutting down. Otherwise the fuel valve and door close right away and the APU shuts down

If the APU shuts down due to a fault, how can the fault detection circuitry be reset?

Move the APU selector to OFF

What happens if the APU senses a fault?

The FAULT light illuminates, and the APU shuts down

What is indicated by a FAULT light with the APU selector OFF?

The APU fuel valve has failed to close

Where are the APU gauges?

EICAS STATUS page (requires AC power)

How is the ENG OIL PRESS EICAS triggered

The pressure switch

What sort of high vibration indication would be accompanied by tactile vibration?

N1 vibration

When would a climb derate indication automatically go away during climb?

(767 only) The derated thrust increases with altitude, and will eventually match full climb thrust, at which point the derate indication will go away (by 30,000 feet)

How can reference EPR or N1 be manually set?

By pulling and rotating the THRUST REF SET knob on the EICAS Control Panel

When are the secondary engine indications automatically displayed?

When the EICAS is first powered on, and when a secondary engine parameter is exceeded

How many ways are there to set a derated climb value?

One: via the Thrust Mode Select Panel. Unlike an assumed temperature, it cannot be done via the FMC

What are the two ways an assumed temperature could be displayed on the TAKEOFF REF page?

THRUST (PW and some GE 767s) TEMP SEL (some GE 767s)

7ER Engines & APU Flashcards

(57 cards)