8-10 (Exam 3)

Question 1

Two or more people who interact and influence each other and perceive one another as “us”

Answer 1

Group

Question 2

the strengthening of dominant responses owing to the presence of others

Answer 2

Social facilitation effect

Question 3

the presence of many others

Answer 3

Crowding

Question 4

Concern for how others are evaluating us

Answer 4

Evaluation apprehension

Question 5

presence of others without evaluation or distraction still causes arousal

Answer 5

mere presence

Question 6

Tendency for people to exert less effort when in a group than when alone

Answer 6

Social loafing

Question 7

People who benefit form the group but give little in return

Answer 7

Free riders

Question 8

group situations that foster anonymity, leading individuals to lose self-awareness and evaluation apprehension

Answer 8

Deindividuation

Question 9

group-produced enhancement of members’ pre-existing tendencies

Answer 9

Group polarization

Question 10

Desire to be right
More information available and more arguments discussed

Answer 10

informational influence

Question 11

Desire to be liked
Tendency to to increase strength of our opinion (when it matches the group’s opinion)

Answer 11

Normative influence

Question 12

Tendency to suppress group dissent and increase group harmony, sacrificing realistic thinking/decision-making as a result

Answer 12

Groupthink

Question 13

A preconceived negative judgement of a group and its individual members

Answer 13

prejudice

Question 14

A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people

Answer 14

stereotype

Question 15

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members

Answer 15

Discrimination

Question 16

prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of given race

Answer 16

Racism

Question 17

prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex

Answer 17

Sexism

Question 18

A belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic/cultural group, and a disdain for all other groups

Answer 18

Ethnocentrism

Question 19

When frustrated we look for someone (in the out group) to blame

Answer 19

Scapegoat theory

Question 20

Feeling superior to others

Answer 20

Social identity theory

Question 21

tendency to favor one’s own group

Answer 21

In-group bias

Question 22

Relying on stereotypes is especially easy and efficient when we are distracted

Answer 22

Categorization

Question 23

Tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race

Answer 23

Own-race bias

Question 24

Tendency to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Answer 24

just-world phenomenon

Question 25

1. Level of damage is the most important predictor of anger 2. Intentions of harm-doers 3. Person's ability to have prevented the damage

Answer 25

Research on what makes us angry

Question 26

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Answer 26

Aggression

Question 27

Aggression driven by anger and performed as an end in itself

Answer 27

Hostile aggression

Question 28

Aggression that is a means to some other end

Answer 28

Instrumental aggression

Question 29

Biological phenomenon, response to frustration, or learned social behavior

Answer 29

3 theories of Aggression

Question 30

Aggression is an innate, unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species

Answer 30

Instinct theory

Question 31

Aggression can be adaptive for survival/ reproducing

Answer 31

Evolutionary psychology

Question 32

Frustration leads to anger, producing an emotional readiness to aggress

Answer 32

Frustration-aggression theory

Question 33

The perception that one is less well off than comparable others

Answer 33

Relative deprivation

Question 34

We learn social behavior by observing and imitating, and by being rewarded and punished

Answer 34

Social learning theory

Question 35

One form of arousal (e.g., from exercise) can heighten another form of arousal (e.g., anger)

Answer 35

Arousal

Question 36

more presence of a gun can heighten aggression

Answer 36

Weapon effect