Exam 4 Chapters 11-13

Question 1

Tendency to choose partners who are a “good match” in attractiveness and other traits

Answer 1

Matching phenomenon

Question 2

Presumption that attractive people possess other desirable traits

Answer 2

“what is beautiful is good” “What is ugly is bad”

Question 3

Low self-esteem increases our tendency to find others attractive

Answer 3

low self esteem n Attraction

Question 4

First we notice a physiological “feeling.” Then we assign that “feeling” a label. Finally we experience it as an emotion

Answer 4

Two factor theory of emotion

Question 5

An intense longing for union with another. More than “loving” someone, you’re “in love”

Answer 5

Passionate love

Question 6

“Liking” causes “liking” cause its believable

Answer 6

Attribution

Question 7

Rooted in trust and marked by intimacy

Answer 7

Secure attachment

Question 8

Marked by discomfort over, or resistance to, being close to others

Answer 8

Avoidant attachment

Question 9

Marked by anxiety or ambivalence

Answer 9

Anxious attachment

Question 10

Gains form a relationship should be proportional to the effort put into it

Answer 10

Equity

Question 11

Tendency to match your level of disclosure with others person’s level

Answer 11

Disclosure reciprocity

Question 12

Individualist cultures (like U.S.). have higher rates of divorce than do communal cultures

Answer 12

Who divorces?

Question 13

A motive to increase another’s welfare without consensus regard for one’s self-interests

Answer 13

Altruism

Question 14

Interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs

Answer 14

Social Exchange theory

Question 15

Expectation that people will help, not hurt those who have helped them

Answer 15

Reciprocity norm

Question 16

Expectation that people will help those needing help

Answer 16

Social-responsibility norm

Question 17

Men offer more help to women/ men more frequently help attractive women

Answer 17

Women offer help equally to men or women

Question 18

Evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes

Answer 18

Kin selection

Question 19

Altruism directed toward those who will reciprocate

Answer 19

Reciprocity

Question 20

the victorious experience of another’s feelings; putting oneself in another’s shoes

Answer 20

Empathy

Question 21

A person is less likely to help when there are other bystanders

Answer 21

Bystander effect

Question 22

More often help strangers in potentially dangerous situations

Answer 22

Men

Question 23

Slightly more likely to help in safer situations

Answer 23

Women

Question 24

Religious people only slightly more responsive

Answer 24

Spontaneous helping

Question 25

Religious faith better predicts helping

Answer 25

Planned helping

Question 26

Make it clear you need help

Answer 26

Reducing ambiguity

Question 27

Regarding others as within one's circle of moral concern

Answer 27

Teaching moral inclusion

Question 28

The result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing

Answer 28

Over justification effect

Question 29

After a large request is refused, counter offer with a mere reasonable one

Answer 29

Door-in-the-face technique

Question 30

A condition marked by low levels of hostility and aggression and by mutually beneficial relationships

Answer 30

Peace

Question 31

Perceived incompatibility between the individual's goals and the collective good

Answer 31

Social dilemma

Question 32

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing its self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Answer 32

Social Trap

Question 33

Rational thinking becomes more difficult during conflict or crisis, resulting in more simplistic & stereotypical perceptions

Answer 33

Simplistic thinking

Question 34

Misperceptions appear & disappear as conflicts wax & wane

Answer 34

Shifting perceptions

Question 35

Direct negotiation between parties

Answer 35

Bargaining

Question 36

Neutral third party facilitates communication and offers suggestions

Answer 36

Mediation

Question 37

Neutral third party studies both sides then imposes a settlement

Answer 37

Arbitration

Question 38

Strategy designed to de-escalate initiatives in tension reduction (GRIT)

Answer 38

Graduated & Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension reduction (GRIT)