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CHEM 2.1 Atoms and reactions > 8. acids and bases > Flashcards

8. acids and bases Flashcards

1
Q

acids are

A

proton donors

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2
Q

acids produce __ in aqueous solution

A

H+ ions

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3
Q

bases are

A

proton acceptors (want to grab H+ ions)

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4
Q

bases that are soluble in water are known as

A

alkalis

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5
Q

alkalis release __ in solution

A

OH- ions

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6
Q

common acids

A

HCl hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric aid
HNO3 nitric acid
CH3COOH ethanoic acid

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7
Q

common bases

A

NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
NH3 ammonia

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8
Q

acids equation

A

HA + H2O H3O+ + A-

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9
Q

bases equation

A

B + H2O BH+ + OH-

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10
Q

for strong acids e.g. HCl

A

nearly all the acid dissociates

nearly all H+ ions released

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11
Q

for strong bases e.g. NaOH

A

nearly all the base dissociates

lots of OH- ions relased

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12
Q

for weak acids e.g. CH3COOH

A

only a small amount dissociates

only a few H+ ions released

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13
Q

for weak bases e.g. NH3

A

only a small amount dissociates

only a few OH- ions released

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14
Q

acids react to form

A

neutral salts

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15
Q

in a neutralisation reaction between acids and alkalis what is produced

A

salt and water

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16
Q

in a neutralisation reaction what combines to form water

A

hydrogen ions released by acid

hydroxide ions released by base

17
Q

in a neutralisation reaction what combines to form salt

A

hydrogen ions from acid replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions (NH4+) from alkali
e.g. HCl + KOH -> KCl + H2O

18
Q

what kind of salts does sulfuric acid produce

A

sulfates

19
Q

what kind of salts does hydrochloric acid produce

A

chlorides

20
Q

what kind of salt does nitric acid produce

A

nitrates

21
Q

metal + acid

e.g. Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq)

A

Metal salt + hydrogen

MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

22
Q

metal oxide + acid

e.g. ZnO(s) + 2HCl

A

Salt + Water

ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

23
Q

metal hydroxide + acid

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq)

A

salt + water

KCl(aq) + H2O(l)

24
Q

metal carbonate + acid

Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)

A

metal salt + carbon dioxide + water

2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

25
Q

Ammonia + acid

NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq)

A

ammonium salt

NH4NO3(aq)

CHEM 2.1 Atoms and reactions (13 decks)

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