8. Depression and Mood Disorders Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the subtypes of depression? (old terms)
reactive
- triggered by a negative experience
endogenous
- no apparent negative life event
How have genetics been seen to cause depression?
monozygotic twins: 39% concordance
dizygotic twins: 27% concordance
- higher levels therefore genetic component
How has the environment been seen to cause depression? (Brown)
- those who had severe stress in the previous year had higher levels of depression (84%) than the control group (32%)
How does the diathesis stress model explain depression?
- genetic risk factor + stressor in environment = depression
How have genetics been seen to cause bipolar?
monozygotic twins: 92% concordance
dizygotic twins: 23% concordance
- higher levels when more shared genes therefore genetic component
- higher genetic component than depression?
How are mono amine oxidase inhibitors used to treat depression?
- diffuse projections of monoamine neurotransmitters
- alters general mood
- MAO is an enzyme which breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters
- MAO stops it working: leaving more NT in the neuron, allowing more to be released
How are tricyclic antidepressants used to treat depression?
- block reuptake
- therefore leaves more transmitter at the synapse
- both norepinephrine or serotonin
How is prozac used to treat depression? (SSRI)
- serotonin synapse only
- blocks reuptake: leaves more NT at the synapse
How is lithium used to treat bipolar?
- interferes with second messenger system
What is the monoamine theory of depression?
hypothesis: depression is actually caused by a deficit of monoamine neurotransmission
How does Becks negative triad explain depression?
- negative views about the world
- negative views about oneself
- negative views about the future
What is the learned helplessness experiment conducted by Seligman?
- dog is in a box with a barrier
- a sound indicates a shock
- dog must jump over barrier to avoid shock
- after dog has been in a condition where they can’t escape the shock they no longer jump to the no shock zone
What is Seligmans attribution model?
attributions of negative events, 3 dimensions are:
1. internal vs external
2. global vs specific
3. stable vs unstable
How is rumination another cognitive aspect of depression?
- dwelling and overthinking
