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Social Psychology > 8- Emotion And Motivation > Flashcards

8- Emotion And Motivation Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

Define emotion

A

Ubiquitous, immediate response to a stimulus. I subjective (+ or -), and causes physiological activity

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2
Q

What three factors make up emotion?

A
  1. Cognitive
  2. Physiological
  3. Phenomenological
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3
Q

What are three theories for how these factors interact? Are they right?

A
  1. James–Lange= Stimulus> Physiological>
    Phenonenological
  2. Cannon–Bard=
    Stimulus>
    Physiological and Phenonenological (separate, simultaneous)
  3. Schacter-Singer (Two-Factor)= Stimulus> Physiological> Cognitive Interpretation> Phenonenological
    - None are entirely right (3 is the best)
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4
Q

How are emotions produced?

A

Interaction of the cortex and amygdala.

Stimulus ->
amygdala (interprets) -> cortex (comprehensive analysis), may downgrade amygdala reaction

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5
Q

What do emotions provide?

A
  1. Behavior patters- People experience and identify others’ emotions (mimicry).
  2. Communications- voice, body, face show emotional state.
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6
Q

What are the purposes of emotions?

A
  1. Adaptive- fight or flight
  2. Cognitive- decision making
  3. Relationships- Interpersonal. Cultures have different “display rules,” and honesty/dishonesty is hard to tell apart.
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7
Q

______ ______ is the idea that emotional expressions can cause emotional experiences.

A

Facial feedback hypothesis

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8
Q

What is a display rule?

A

norm for the appropriate expression of emotion (Grandpa vs Stranger)

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9
Q

What are the two dimensions of emotion?

A

Arousal- active or passive experience is

Valence- + or - experience is

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10
Q

General ways to regulate emotion

A
  1. Behavioral- avoiding triggers

2. Cognitive- Memories to trigger emotion

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11
Q

Ineffective ways to regulate emotion

A

Suppression: inhibiting the outward signs of an emotion

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12
Q

2 Effective ways to regulate emotion

A

Affect labeling: putting one’s feelings into words reduces intensity

Reappraisal- changing the way one thinks about event (PERSPECTIVE)

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13
Q

Define emotional expression

A

Observable sign of emotional state- body language, face, voice, touch, etc.

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14
Q

The _____ _____ states that emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone. How accurate is this?

A

Universality hypothesis

  • The is definitely considerable agreement between people, but it isn’t perfect.
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15
Q

5 emotions universally known

A

Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness

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16
Q

Words are _____, and facial expressions are ____.

A

Symbols (arbitrary to culture) ; Signs (caused by things they signify)

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17
Q

Four types of Display Rules:

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A

Intensification-exaggerating emotional expression (AVOCADO!)

Deintensification- muting emotional expression

Masking- expressing one emotion while feeling another

Neutralizing- showing no expression of the emotion one is feeling

18
Q

Sincere vs Insincere Expressions

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A

Morphology: Sincere= crinkle eyes (cannot control)
Symmetry: Sincere= more symmetrical
Duration: Sincere=short duration
Temporal patterning: Sincere= appear and disappear SMOOTHLY

19
Q

The problem with polygraph is that:

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A
  • It is not accurate enough
  • Measure physiological
    responses to stress
20
Q

Relation between emotion and motivation:

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A
  • Emotions move people (motivate)
21
Q

How do emotions provide people with information

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A

Events in the world can influence our emotions

22
Q

How are emotions related to motivation?

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A
  • Hedonic principle

- Activate, Sustain, and Direct behavior

23
Q

What is the hedonic principle?

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A

People motivated to experience pleasure (approach motivation) and avoid pain (avoidance motivation)

24
Q

Types of Motivation (Broad Categories in notes)

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A
  1. Physiological = Homeostasis
    Made of: Instincts, Needs, Drives
  2. Cognitive = Goal/Expectation
    Made of: Intrinsic (self-rewarding) and Extrinsic (rewarded)
25
Motivation is related to _____
Reinforcement
26
Behaviorists rejected William James' concept of _____. Why (2 reasons)?
- Instinct - Wanted behavior explained by external stimuli - Wanted learned behaviors; not inherited (instincts)
27
Behaviorists replaced instincts with ______. Which are:
- Drives (homeostasis) | - Signal sent by body reacting to physiological needs
28
What is drive reduction theory
Organisms want to reduce drives
29
In the “hierarchy of needs.” ______ motivations generally take precedence over _______ motivations
Biological ; Psychological
30
Why do we get hungry?
Complex physiological processes by which the body informs the brain about its current energy state
31
Name 3 eating disorders
BED, bulimia, and anorexia
32
What causes obesity and eating disorders?
- Genetic, experiential, psychological, and cultural origins - Difficult to overcome - Easier to prevent obesity than to remedy it
33
Why is dieting ineffective?
Our bodies store excess fat to defend against scarcity. | - Metabolisms slow as a response to reduced calories.
34
Which hormones regulate sexual interest in men and women
Testosterone
35
Sexual Response Cycle (4)
- Excitement phase, muscle tension and blood flow increase - Plateau phase, heart rate and muscle tension increase further - Orgasm phase, breathing becomes extremely rapid and the pelvic muscles begin a series of rhythmic contractions - Resolution phase, muscles relax, blood pressure drops, and the body returns to its resting state - Refractory period, further stimulation does nothing
36
Why do people have sex?
-Physical attraction -A means to an end -Increase emotional connection -Alleviate insecurity
37
Which are more powerful motivators: Intrinsic or extrinsic? How can punishment affect intrinsic? Extrinsic?
- Extrinsic - Punishment: + Increases intrinsic --> Created extrinsic
38
People mainly know their _____ motivations. They usually aren't aware of their _______ motivations, until their encounter a challenge.
conscious: unconscious
39
Name an unconscious motivation
Need for achievement- solve problems
40
Avoidance motivations overpowering approach motivations usually causes _____ aversion. Define it.
- loss | - Tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal-size gains
41
Terror management theory
How people respond to knowledge of their own mortality
42
What do cultural worldviews (good and bad) help to deal with?
Mortality reminders

Social Psychology (6 decks)

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