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Clinical Microbiology 2 > 8. Lower Respiratory > Flashcards

8. Lower Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

B. pertussis toxin that causes inflammation and localized necrosis adjacent to colonized sites

A

Lethal toxin

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2
Q

4 additional media to set up when there’s a possibility of anaerobes

A

BRUC
CNA
KVLB
THIO

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3
Q

3 Bordetella pertussis toxins

A
  • Pertussis toxin (PTx)
  • Lethal toxin (dermonecrotic toxin)
  • Tracheal cytotoxin
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4
Q

Lab method of detecting Histoplasma and Blastomyces

A

DNA probes

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5
Q

2 media commonly used to isolate Burkholderia cepacia

A

BCSA (Burkholderia Cepacia selective agar)

OFPBL (oxidative fermentative polymixin bacitracin lactose agar)

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6
Q

Most studied toxin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Endotoxin A

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7
Q

What is used for tuberculosis liquefaction

A

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (mucolytic agent)

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8
Q

What is used for tuberculosis decontamination?

A

2% NaOH (4% for stools + specimens w/ Pseudo)

Buffer to neutralize

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9
Q

Specimen is usually not collected for this infection b/c it’s NOT treated w/ antibiotics

A

Acute/chronic bronchitis

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10
Q

Typical age group that gets bronchiolitis

A

Young children (<2 yrs old)

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11
Q

Localized, irreversible dilation of parts of the bronchial tree - makes CF infections more hard to treat

A

Bronchiectasis

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12
Q

Fluids from an inflammatory process

A

Exudate

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13
Q

What is required to distinguish between bronchitis colonization from infection

A

Radiographic evidence of pneumonia

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14
Q

Early symptoms are similar to common cold, then breathing becomes more laboured and cough increases

A

Bronchiolitis

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15
Q

Purpose of a protected bronch brush

A

Avoid NOF

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16
Q

6 obligate intracellular parasites

A
  • M. tuberculosis
  • Legionella pneumophila
  • Chlamydophila
  • viruses
  • Pneumocystis jiroveci
  • Histoplasma
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17
Q

7 organisms that express polysaccharide capsules to prevent phagocytosis

A

“Some Nasty Killers Have Crazy Powers”

  • S. pneumo
  • N. meningitidis
  • K. pneumo
  • H. influenzae
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa
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18
Q

C. diphtheriae toxin

A

DT (diphtheria toxin)

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19
Q

Inflammation of lower respiratory tract involving airways and lung parenchyma

A

Pneumonia

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20
Q

This media is NOT selective, so decontamination + concentration of specimen is done BEFORE inoculation

A

Lowenstein-Jensen

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21
Q

The causes of this infection are closely related to age of patient

A

Community-acquired pneumonia

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22
Q

Legionella often require these 2 ingredients to be cultured

A

L-cysteine

Iron salts

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23
Q

Difference between BCA and BCSA media?

A

BCSA is a pyruvate formula

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24
Q

Toxin that destroys WBCs?

Organism it’s found in?

A

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)

S. aureus

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25
3 organisms that often accompany anaerobes in aspiration pneumonia
S. aureus Pseudomonads Enterobacteriaceae
26
2 types of specimens that may require special anaerobe media for set up
BAL | pleural fluid
27
Sterile saline is flushed into the lungs, then aspirated back out
Bronchioalveolar lavages (BALs)
28
Routine culture set up for LRT specimen (media)
BAP/SS/CO2 CHOC/CO2 MAC
29
Reason for S. maltophilia being often confused w/ an Enterobacteriacea
It is oxidase negative
30
Also called dermonecrotic toxin
Lethal toxin (B. pertussis)
31
Diphtheria toxin (DT) adheres preferentially to these 2 types of cells
- CNS cells | - Heart muscle cells
32
Adherence factor in staph
Lipoteichoic acid
33
Helps B. pertussis colonize the cilia of the respiratory epithelium
Pertussis toxin (PT)
34
Pneumonia can be subdivided into categories based on what 3 things?
- Presentation of illness (acute, chronic) - Clinical setting (community, hospital) - Type of infecting process (aspiration, viral, bacterial)
35
3 methods of detecting bronchiolitis infection
Rapid detection - staining or ELISA Viral culture
36
How to concentrate tuberculosis sputum?
Centrifuge, keep pellet
37
Produces paintbrush-like heads
Penicillium
38
Fluid drained from the pleural space
Thoracentesis fluid
39
5 causative agents of acute/chronic bronchitis
- Respiratory viruses - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Chlamydophila pneumoniae - H. influenzae - B. pertussis
40
3 anaerobes that may cause aspiration pneumonia
Prevotella Porphyromonas Bacteroides
41
4 ways respiratory pathogens can enter the lungs
- Invasion - Inhalation - Aspiration (oral/gastric) - Hematogenous
42
Organism associated with SPA or M7 media (enriched w/ cholesterol)
Mycoplasma
43
3 unusual pathogens that may cause a BAL to be performed
- fungi - AFB - Pneumocystis jiroveci
44
Exceptions to not collecting bronchitis specimens are made for these 3 organisms What specimen gets collected?
- Influenza - RSV - B. pertussis NP washes/swabs
45
Prominent organism in cystic fibrosis infection (not later stages)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - mucoid strains
46
Isolated from sputums of CF patients and is associated w/ a decline in lung function
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
47
Specimen collected for bronchiolitis disagnosis
Nasopharyngeal (NP) washing or swab
48
3 common causes of bronchiolitis
RSV Parainfluenzae - 'croup' Influenza
49
Antimicrobial found in all 3 B. cepacia media
Polymixin B
50
Elderly patients are more likely to suffer from this type of community-acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
51
Acute viral or bacterial inflammation of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease
Acute bronchitis
52
In S. aureus, this toxin acts along with a pore forming cytotoxin
Leucocydin
53
In an immunocompetent patient, chronic pneumonia is most often due to?
Mycoplasma tuberculosis
54
Lung transplants are ruled out for patients colonized with ______________
Burkholderia cepacia
55
Fluid accumulation in the pleural space where the fluid has leaked from the blood and/or lymphatic systems.
Transudate fluid
56
Group A strep adherence factpr
M protein
57
GNB adherence factor
Fimbriae
58
B. pertussis toxin that kills ciliated cells and causes their extrusion from mucosa
Tracheal cytotoxin
59
This toxin is made up of 6 subunits
Pertussis toxin | PT
60
Myalgia is a symptom of this infection (muscle aches and pains)
Bronchitis
61
Responsible for S. pneumoniae virulence
Capsule production
62
Specimen where a staph streak on the primary BAP is appropriate
Sputum
63
3 methods of Legionella confirmation
- Latex - DFA stain - ELISA

Clinical Microbiology 2 (14 decks)

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