#8. Mechanism of Musculoskeletal Injury & Innjury Classifications

Question 1

“An external force acting on the body causing

internal reactions within the tissues”

Answer 1

load - tissue properties

Question 2

“Ability of a tissue to resist a load”

Answer 2

Stiffness - greater stiffness = greater magnitude load can

resist

Question 3

“internal resistance to a load”

Answer 3

stress - tissue propterties

Question 4

“internal change in tissue (eg. length) resulting in deformation”

Answer 4

strain - tissue properties

Question 5

“The amount of
deformation viscoelastic tissues can tolerate
before succumbing to stress”

Answer 5

stress/strain relationship

Question 6

TEPNF acronym for stress strain relationship?

Answer 6

Toeing, Elastic, Plastic, Necking, Failure

Question 7

In an indirect impact injury, where does the injury happen?

Answer 7

away from the point of injury

Question 8

Tissue Loading: Force that results in tissue
crush – two forces applied
towards one another

Answer 8

compression

Question 9

Tissue Loading: force that pulls and stretches tissue

Answer 9

tension

Question 10

Tissue Loading: Force that moves across the

parallel organization of tissue

Answer 10

shearing

Question 11

Tissue Loading:
 -two force pairs act at
opposite ends of a structure (4 points)
-three forces cause bending (3 points)
-already bowed structures encounter axial loading

Answer 11

Bending

Question 12

Tissue Loading:
-loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from opposite ends
-shear stress encountered will
be perpendicular and parallel to the loads
-ends up tearing muscle tissue too usually

Answer 12

Torsion

Question 13

Burst fracture of the spine is an example of what type of tissue loading?

Answer 13

Compression

Question 14

A hamstring strain is an example of what type of tissue loading?

Answer 14

Tension

Question 15

Spondylolisthesis (vertebrae sliding over each other) is an example of what type of tissue loading?

Answer 15

shear stress

Question 16

ACL injury is an example of what tissue loading?

Answer 16

torsion

Question 17

“Pinching of intervening
tissue between two
bony structures”

Answer 17

impingement

Question 18

Where is impingement the most common?

Answer 18

at the hips and shoulders because of the bursa there that are supposed to cushion forces, allowing tendons to slide

Question 19

Injury Classification according to what 4 criteria?

Answer 19

1. Stage of injury or healing
2. Severity of injury
3. Type of tissue damaged/injured
4. Type of mechanism

Question 20

A musculotendon injury is a sprain/strain?

Answer 20

strain

Question 21

“the bursa that is wrapped around the tendon that is inflamed”

Answer 21

tenosynovitis

Question 22

What degree of muscle injury is this? “Complete rupture of muscle or musculotendinous junction. Significant impairment. Great deal of pain initially but diminishes due to nerve damage”

Answer 22

3rd degree

Question 23

What degree of muscle injury is this? “Multiple fibers torn. Active contraction painful. Divot is palpable. Some swelling and discolouration”

Answer 23

2nd degree - you could lose your fingers in where the tear is

Question 24

What degree of muscle injury is this? “Some fibers stretched or torn. Full ROM, but painful”

Answer 24

1st degree

Question 25

Loss of sodium or electrolyte balance can cause muscle ____.

Answer 25

cramps

Question 26

"Following injury, muscles within an effected area contract to splint the area in an effort to minimize pain through limitation of motion"

Answer 26

muscle guarding

Question 27

Two types of muscle spasms?

Answer 27

clonic and tonic

Question 28

___ spasm is alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick succession

Answer 28

clonic - eg. eye twitch

Question 29

___ spasm is rigid contraction that lasts a period of time

Answer 29

tonic - eg. painful cramps in feet/calves

Question 30

RICE acronym?

Answer 30

Rest Ice Compression Elevation

Question 31

A ____ is a bruise that results form a sudden traumatic blow that compresses the soft or bony tissues. It creates hemorrhaging which causes ____.

Answer 31

contusions | ecchymosis (discoloration of skin)

Question 32

Why is it important to do RICE with a contusion?

Answer 32

The body might get confused and end up laying down bone instead of muscle tissue - bad

Question 33

Breaking point for tendon injuries is at _-_% of increased length.

Answer 33

6-8

Question 34

Tears in tendon injuries generally occur where?

Answer 34

in the muscle and not tendon

Question 35

"Gradual onset, with diffuse tenderness due to repeated microtrauma and degenerative changes"

Answer 35

tendinitis

Question 36

key to treatment for tendinitis?

Answer 36

rest

Question 37

If tendinitis is not allowed to properly heal, what occurs?

Answer 37

Tendinosis - less inflammation but more visibly swollen with stiffness and restricted motion

Question 38

How do you treat tendinosis?

Answer 38

stretching and strengthening

Question 39

What is tenosynovitis?

Answer 39

inflammation of the synovial sheath

Question 40

Ligamentous Sprains: SHARP acronym?

Answer 40

``` Swelling Heat Altered function Redness Pain ```

Question 41

"result of traumatic joint twist that causes stretching or tearing of connective tissue"

Answer 41

ligamentous sprains - results in SHARP

Question 42

"Brief, transient injury involving partial dislocation & spontaneous joint relocation"

Answer 42

subluxation - result in separation of bony articulating surfaces

Question 43

Dislocations are most often seen in high ___ sports.

Answer 43

velocity

Question 44

What do you need to apply to prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 44

stress

Question 45

Greenstick bone fractures are common in what type of people?

Answer 45

people who havent grown yet

Question 46

If someone gets an oblique fracture, what do they usually get?

Answer 46

screws

Question 47

What type of fracture occurs when a rotary force is applied during the break?

Answer 47

spiral fracture