8-Renal and ureteral abnormalities Flashcards
What is renal failure
loss of urine concentrating ability and persistent reanl azotaemia
Describe persistent renal azotaemia
high urea and creatinine and relatively dilute urine
What is described as relatively dilute urine in dogs and cats
<1.035 in cats
<1.030 in dogs
What is an early marker of renal failure
High SDMA
polyuria
What is CKD
chronic kidney disease
Presence of functional or structural changes in 1 or both kidneys for > 3 months
is a clinically silent disease in the early stages
Describe the stages of CKD
Initially: destruction and loss of nephrons allows remaining nephrons to hypertrophy
Progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons
End stage: irrespective of the initial cause of damage the end result is fibrosis
What is AKI
acute kidney injury
rapid loss of kidney function (hours to days)- sudden onset damage
T/F AKI is reversible
True
if we treat early
What is important in the treatment of AKI
renal perfusion- fluids
What marker is worrying to see in a sick patient
increased creatinine
Give 3 possible causes of AKI
Poor renal perfusion:
- Cardiovascular disease
- Hypoxia
Nephrotoxins:
- Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)
- Lily toxicity (Cats only)
- Grape toxicity (Dogs only)
- Vitamin D Supplements
- NSAIDS
Obstructive disease:
- Urethral vs ureteric
Infection:
- Localised inf. in the renal pelvis
- Systemic inf.
Hypercalcaemia
Cutaneous & renal glomerular vasculopathy
List 2 causes of CKD
A consequence of any cause of AKI
Inflammation/immune-mediated disease > glomerular damage
Ischaemia, Renal infarcts, vascular injury
Unknown
What blood parameters are raised in kidney CKD
Urea/Creatinine
SDMA
Phosphorus
Name a congenital ureteric abnormalities
Ectopic ureter
