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RESP > 8. Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

8. Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the differential for a young person with shortness of breath?

A

Asthma

PE

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2
Q

What is the differential for an older person with shortness of breath?

A

COPD
Congestive heart failure
Pulmonary fibrosis

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3
Q

What are the upper respiratory tract causes of cough?

A

URTI
Sinusitis
Rhinitis
Post nasal drip

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4
Q

What are the lower respiratory tract causes of cough?

A

Pneumonia
TB
Asthma
COPD

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5
Q

What are the GI causes of cough?

A

GORD (reflux)

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6
Q

What drugs can cause a cough?

A

ACE inhibitors

B-blockers

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7
Q

What are the upper respiratory causes of sputum production?

A

Post nasal drip

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8
Q

What are the lower respiratory causes of sputum production?

A

Pneumonia
TB
COPD
Bronchiectasis

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9
Q

What is the differential for haemoptysis?

A 
Bronchogenic neoplasm
Pneumonia
TB
Bronchiectasis
PE
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10
Q

What is the differential for pleuritic chest pain?

A

PE
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax

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11
Q

What is the differential for wheeze/rhonchi?

A

Obstructive diseases
Allergy
Bronchiectasis

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12
Q

What is the differential for fever?

A

Upper or lower RTI

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13
Q

What is the differential for rigors?

A

Sepsis
TB
Empyema and abscess

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14
Q

What is the differential for night sweats?

A

TB

Empyema and abscess

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15
Q

What is the differential for weight loss?

A

Bronchogenic neoplasm
TB
Empyema
End stage COPD

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16
Q

What is the typical patient in COPD?

A

> 50
Smoker
Progressive SOB and productive cough
Frequent GP and hospital visits

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of an acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

Increase in SOB, wheeze and chest tightness

in LRTI change of sputum colour

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18
Q

What is the typical patient in decompensated heart failure?

A

> 50

Background of heart disease

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of decompensated heart failure?

A 
Progressive SOB
Orthopnoea
Noctural dyspnoea
Ankle oedema
Acute pulmonary oedema
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20
Q

What is orthopnoea?

A

Feeling like unable to breathe when lying flat

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21
Q

What drugs can give relief in decompensated heart failure?

A

Diuretics

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22
Q

What is the typical patient in asthma?

A

Younger, non-smoker
Intermittent symptoms, may be worse at night, at work or when exercising
Can be undiagnosed for years
Family or personal history of atopy

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23
Q

What drugs can give relief in asthma?

A

B2 antagonists

Oral steroids

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24
Q

What is the typical patient in PE?

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A

Signs of DVT
Risk factors
Absence of obstructive disease or infection

25
What is the typical patient in IPF?
>60, male | Progressive SOB over 6-12 months
26
What are the symptoms of lung cancer?
Haemoptysis, shortness of breath, weight loss, dry cough, hoarseness Bone pain, jaundice and headaches
27
What signs of respiratory disease can be seen in the hands?
Signs of CO2 retention in severe COPD | Clubbing
28
What diseases can cause clubbing?
Malignancy Pulmonary fibrosis Suppurative lung diseases
29
What diseases/surgery cause the trachea to be pulled towards the abnormal side?
Pneumothorax Unilateral fibrosis Atelectasis Pneumonectomy
30
What diseases cause the trachea to be pushed away from the abnormal side?
Large PE | Tension pneumothorax
31
What diseases cause chest expansion to be symmetrically reduced?
Obstructive and restrictive diseases
32
What diseases cause chest expansion to be unilaterally reduced?
Pneumothorax | Pleural effusion
33
What disease causes an increase in tactile fremitus?
Pneumonia
34
What diseases cause a decrease in tactile fremitus?
Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Atelectasis
35
Which diseases cause hyper-resonant percussion?
Pneumothorax | COPD
36
Which diseases cause dull percussion?
Pneumonia Atelectasis Tumour
37
Which disease causes stony dull percussion?
Pleural effusion
38
What features are looked for when auscultating?
Intensity of sounds and air entry Vesicular or bronchial breathing Symmetry Added sounds
39
What is bronchial breathing caused by?
Consolidation
40
What are the features of rhonchi?
Always expiratory and bilateral
41
Are creps inspiratory or expiratory?
Inspiratory
42
What are the causes of bibasal creps?
Pulmonary oedema IPF Bronchiectasis
43
What causes unilateral creps?
Pneumonia
44
Are rubs inspiratory or expiratory?
Both
45
When are rubs heard?
Pleural inflammation
46
What are the causes of bilateral effusion?
Congestive heart failure | Liver and renal failure
47
What are the causes of unilateral effusion?
Post pneumonia Neoplasm TB
48
What are the specific signs of COPD?
Signs of CO2 retention Hyperinflation Hyper-resonant percussion Expiratory wheeze
49
What are the specific signs of decompensated heart failure?
``` Tachypnoea Tachycardia Hypotension Bibasal creps Decreased breath sounds Increased JVP, hepatomegaly, ascites, oedema ```
50
What are the specific signs of IPF?
Tachypnoea Clubbing Decreased chest expansion Fine end bibasal creps
51
What are the specific signs of bronchiectasis?
Clubbing Lots of dirty sputum Coarse creps
52
What are the specific signs of pleural effusion and empyema?
``` Trachea pushed to opposite side Reduced expansion on that side Reduced tactile fremitus over effusion Stony dull percussion Reduced or absent breath sounds ```
53
What are the specific signs of pneumothorax?
Trachea pulled towards (pushed away if tension) Reduced expansion on that side reduced tactile fremitus over pneumothorax Hyper-resonant percussion Reduced or absent breath sounds
54
What are the specific signs of pneumonia?
Increased tactile fremitus and dull percussion over infection Coarse creps unilaterally Bronchial breathing
55
What is Pemberton's sign?
Patient's face turns red when they raise their arms | Sign of SVC obstruction
56
What are the specific signs of fibrosis from an old TB infection?
``` Biapical Trachea deviated towards side of max fibrosis Mildly decreased fremitus Slightly dull on percussion Bronchial breathing ```
57
What are the specific signs of a pneumonectomy?
Thoracotomy scar Trachea deviated towards empty side Expansion and fremitus decreased on that side Dull percussion
58
What are the specific signs of a lobectomy?
Chest findings are normal: remaining lobes re-expand to fill space

RESP (17 decks)

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