Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

abnormal psych > CH.7 > Flashcards

CH.7 Flashcards

physical disorders and health psychology

1
Q

behavioral medicine

A

interdisciplinary approach applying behavioral science to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems. also known as psychosomatic medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

health psychology

A

subfield of behavioral medicine that studies psychological factors important in health promotion and maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

sequence of reactions to sustained stress described by Hans Selye. these stages are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion, which may lead to death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

self-efficancy

A

perception of having the ability to cope with stress or challenges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

immune system

A

body’s means of identifying and eliminating any foreign materials (for example, bacteria, parasites, and even transplanted organs) that enter
humoral branch: blood and other bodily fluids
cellular branch: protects against viral and parasitil infections
leukocytes are primary agents
decides wether you contract a virus
high stress and low social support&raquo_space; high sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antigens

A

foreign material that enters the body, including bacteria and parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

painful, degenerative disease in which the immune system essentially attacks itself, resulting in stiffness, swelling, and even destruction of the joints.
cognitive-behavioral treatments can help relieve pain and stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

A

study of psychological influences on the neurological responding involved in the body’s immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

A

group of minor health problems such as weight loss, fever, and night sweats that appears after HIV infection but before development of full-blown AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cancer

A

category of often-fatal medical conditions involving abnormal cell growth and malignancy
can also effect plants and animals
uncontroalable risk factors: age, family history and genetics, ethnic background, environment
controllable risk factors: tobacco use, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, psychosocial factors, uv light exposure, alcohol, sexual behavior
*cancer is influenced by psychological, behavioral, and social factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

psychoncology

A

study of psychological factors involved in the course and treatment of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

afflictions in the mechanisms, including the heart, blood vessels, and their controllers, responsible for transporting blood to the body’s tissues and organs. psychological factors may play important roles in such diseases and their treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stroke/cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

A

temporary blockage of blood vessels supplying the brain, or a rupture of vessels in the brain, resulting in temporary or permanent loss of brain functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hypertension

A

major risk factor for stroke and heart and kidney disease that is intimately related to psychological factors. also known as high blood pressure
affected by salt, fluid volume, sympathetic arousal, and stress
psychological contributors include anger and hostility
*influenced by psychological, behavioral, and social factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

essential hypertension

A

high blood pressure with no verifiable physical cause, which makes up the overwhelming majority of high blood pressure cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

coronary heart disease (CHD)

A

blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle; a major cause of death in Western culture, with social and psychological factors involved
risk factors: stress, anxiety, anger/ poor coping skills/ low social support/ lifestyle factors/ type A behavior pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

type A behavior pattern

A

cluster of behaviors including excessive competitiveness, time-pressured impatience, accelerated speech, and anger, originally thought to promote high risk for heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

type B behavior pattern

A

cluster of behaviors including a relaxed attitude, indifference to time pressure, and less forceful ambition; originally thought to promote low risk for heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

acute pain

A

pain that typically follows an injury and disappears once the injury heals or is effectively treated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chronic pain

A

enduring pain that does not decrease over time; may occur in muscles, joints, and the lower back; and may be caused by enlarged blood vessels or degenerating or cancerous tissue. other significant factors are social and psychological

women: migranes/ arthritis/ carpal tunel
men: cardiac/ low back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

endogenous (natural) opioids

A

substance occurring naturally throughout the body that functions like a neurotransmitter to shut down pain sensation even in the presence of marked tissue damage. these opids may contribute to psychological problems such as eating disorders. also known as an endorphin or enkephalin

22
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

A

incapacitating exhaustion following only minimal exertion, accompanied by fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain, depression, and anxiety

23
Q

biofeedback

A

use of physiological monitoring equipment to make individuals aware of their own bodily functions, such as blood pressure or brain waves, that they cannot normally access, with the purpose of controlling these functions

24
Q

relaxation response

A

active components of meditation methods, including repetitive thoughts of a sound to reduce distracting thoughts and closing the mind to other intruding thoughts, that decrease the flow of stress hormones and neurotransmitters and cause a feeling of calm

25
Q

Which of the following is an interdisciplinary field that applies knowledge about human thoughts, emotions, and activities to prevent, diagnose, and treat medical problems?

a. behavioral medicine
b. endogenous medicine
c. health psychology
d. medical psychology

A

behavioral medicine

26
Q

The general adaptation syndrome describes several stages people experience in response to sustained stress. These stages occur in which order?

A

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

27
Q

Cortisol is:

A

a hormone that stimulates the hippocampus to turn off the stress response

28
Q

Next month Shanti has to take an important college entrance exam. Which factor is most likely to influence whether her response to the exam is positive or negative?

A

Shanti’s beliefs about how much control she has over the situation

29
Q

Joan has been living with HIV for three years and has just started participating in a stress-management support group. Based on previous research, what might Joan expect from her participation?

A

an increase in the activity of T helper and natural killer cells

30
Q

The study of how psychosocial factors influence cancer is known as:

A

psychoncology

31
Q

Which of the following is a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

A

anger that is part of the type A behavior pattern

32
Q

Biofeedback can be used to teach people how to:

A

consciously control physiological functions that are outside awareness

33
Q

Which of the following accurately characterizes the effects of denial as a coping strategy?

A

People who deny their disease may not notice meaningful variations in their symptoms.

34
Q

Which three behaviors, all of which can be modified, put people at the most risk for physical problems?

A

unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, smoking

35
Q

stress

A

physiological response of an individual

vary from person to person

36
Q

stressor

A

event that evokes stress response

37
Q

primary paths of stress

A

psychological factors can influence basic biological processes
long-standing behavior patterns may put people at risk for disease

38
Q

biology of stress

A

activates sympathetic branch of ANS
neuromodulators and neuropeptides act like neurotransmitters
activates the HPA axis producing cortisol (arousal)

39
Q

physiology of stress

A 
hippocampus:
part of the limbic system
highly responsive to cortisol
helps to turn off HPA cycle
chronic stress may damage cells in hipp., which interferes with stopping the HPA loop (become less good at shutting off stress response)
40
Q

social influences on stress

A

high cortisol associated with low social status
low social status-fewer lymphocytes and immune suppression
dominant males benefit from predictability and controllability
primate research

41
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells
macrophages: first line of defense, destroy antigens, signal lymphocytes
lymphocytes: B cells (humoral branch) and T cells (cellular branch)
B cells: produce antibodies (copies)
T cells: slash and burn

42
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency virus
flu-like symptoms
med time from infection to full-blown AIDS is 7.3-10 years or more
treated with HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy )
-current most effective drug treatment
-60% show neg. side effects
development and course influenced by psychological, behavioral, and social factors

43
Q

malignant cells

A

different shapes and sizes

spread out

44
Q

carcinomas

A

epithelial tissue (skin, and skin type stuff)

45
Q

sarcomas

A

connective tissue

46
Q

leukemias

A

blood cells (most common)

47
Q

lymphomas

A

lymphatic system (rare) (lymph nodes and connective vessels)

48
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain from partial obstruction of the arteries

49
Q

atherosclerosis

A

accumulation of artery plaque

50
Q

Ischemia

A

deficiency of blood suppply because of too much plaque

51
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack involving death of heart tissue

abnormal psych (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions