CH.8

Question 1

bulimia nervose

Answer 1

*eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive (binge) eating followed by compensatory actions to remove the food (for example, deliberate vomiting, laxative abuse, and excessive exercise).
*may be associated with guilt, shame or regret
overwelming drive to be thin
*belief that popularity and self-esteem are determined by weight and body shape
*purging may result: erosion of enamel, electrolyte imbalance, kidney failure, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, intestinal problems, colon damage
*most have comorbid psychological disorder (anxiety, mood disorders, substance abuce)

Question 2

binge

Answer 2

relatively brief episode of uncontrolled, excessive consumption, usually of food or alcohol

Question 3

anorexia nervosa

Answer 3

• eating disorder characterized by recurrent food refusal, leading to dangerously low body weight
• hallmark is extreme weight loss
• may also involve binging and purging
• intense fear of wieght gain and losing control over eating
• relentless pursuit of thinness
• most deadly mental disorder: organ damage/ cardiac damage
• pride in diet and control/ rarely seek treatment
• physical feature: dry skin, cardiovascular problems, brittle hair and nails, electrolyte imbalance, sensitivity to cold

Question 4

binge-eating disorder (BED)

Answer 4

• pattern of eating involving distress-inducing binges not followed by purging behaviors; being considered as a new DSM diagnostic category
• distress and/or functional impairment (health risk, feelings of guilt)
• many are obese
• often older than bulimics and anorexics

Question 5

obesity

Answer 5

excess of body fat resulting in a body mass index (BMI, a ratio of weight to height) of 30 or more
not DSM disorder, but consequence
mortality rates close to those associated with smoking
*related to technological advancement
*genetics account for about 30% of cases
*biological and psychosocial (impulse control, attitudes) factors contribute as well

Question 6

purging techniques

Answer 6

in the eating disorder bulimmia nervosa, the self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse used to compensate for excessive food ingestion

Question 7

night eating syndrome

Answer 7

consuming a third or more of daily food intake after the evening meal and getting out of bed at least once during the night to have a high-calorie snack. in the morning, however, individuals with night eating syndrome are not hungry and do not usually eat breakfast. these individuals do not binge during their night eating and seldom purge

Question 8

bariatric surgery

Answer 8

surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass surgery

Question 9

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Answer 9

periodic intervals of sleep during which the eyes move rapidly from side to side, and dreams occur, but the body is inactive

Question 10

dyssomnias

Answer 10

problems in getting to sleep or in obtaining sufficient quality sleep

Question 11

parasomnias

Answer 11

abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep

Question 12

polysomnographic evaluation

Answer 12

(PSG) evaluation
assessment of sleep disorders in which a client sleeping in the lab is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration, brain wave, and other functions

Question 13

actigraph

Answer 13

small electronic device that is worn on the wrist like a watch and records body movements. this device can be used to record sleep-wake cycles

Question 14

sleep efficiency (SE)

Answer 14

percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total time spent in bed

Question 15

microsleeps

Answer 15

short, seconds-long periods of sleep that occur in people who have been deprived of sleep

Question 16

insomnia disorder

Answer 16

condition in which insufficient sleep interferes with normal functioning

• one of most common sleep disorders
• microsleeps
• causes: pain, physical discomfort, delayed temp rhythm, stress, anxiety, environment, apnea, unrealistic sleep expectations, periodic limb movement disorder

Question 17

primary insomnia

Answer 17

difficulty in initiating, maintaining, or gaining from sleep; not related to other medical or psychological problems

Question 18

rebound insomnia

Answer 18

in a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep problems that can occur when medications are used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn

Question 19

hypersomnolence disorders

Answer 19

sleep dysfunction involving an excessive amount of sleep that disrupts normal routines
often associated with medical and/or psychological conditions

Question 20

sleep apnea

Answer 20

disorder involving brief periods when breathing ceases during sleep

Question 21

narcolepsy

Answer 21

sleep disorder involving sudden and irresistible sleep attacks
accompanied by at least one: cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency, going into REM sleep abnormally fast

Question 22

breathing-related sleep disorders

Answer 22

sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing problem such as interupted (sleep apnea) or labored (hypoventilation) breathing

Question 23

circadian rhythm sleep disorders

Answer 23

sleep disturbances resulting in sleepiness or insomnia, caused by the bodys inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current pattern of day and night
ex: shift work type, familial type, jet lag, delayed sleep phase, etc

Question 24

nightmares

Answer 24

frightening and anxiety-provoking dreams occurring during rapid eye movement sleep
the individual recalls the bad dreams and recovers alertness and orientation quickly
*remember dreams vividly
*sometimes sees dreams as visions
*treatment with antidepressants and/or relaxation training

Question 25

disorder of arousal

Answer 25

category of sleep disorder during NREM sleep that includes sleep walking and sleep terrors

Question 26

sleep terrors

Answer 26

episodes of apparent awakening form sleep, accompanied by signs of panic, followed by disorientation and amnesia for the incident. \these occur during nonrapid eye movement sleep and so do not involve frightening dreams more common in children *wait and see posture for treatment

Question 27

sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Answer 27

parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during nonrapid eye movement sleep * more common in children * usually resolves on its own

Question 28

It is estimated that ______ of individuals with eating disorders die as a result of the disorder, with as many as 50% of those deaths coming from ______.

Answer 28

20%; suicide

Question 29

Dr. Thompson sees a patient with a chubby face, calluses on her fingers, and small scars on the back of her hand. Tests indicate that the patient weighs slightly more than her expected weight and that she has an electrolyte imbalance. The patient reports that she is having persistent constipation and that she feels as if her heart has been skipping beats. These symptoms are consistent with:

Answer 29

bulimia nervosa

Question 30

Research on bulimia nervosa suggests that it most often co-occurs with:

Answer 30

anxiety disorders

Question 31

The typical age of onset for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is ______, with younger cases of anorexia tending to begin at ______ and younger cases of bulimia tending to begin at ______.

Answer 31

20; 15; 10

Question 32

In a study by Fallon and Rozin, female undergraduates:

Answer 32

rated the ideal body size smaller than the attractive body size

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of cognitive– behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) in the treatment of bulimia?

Answer 33

CBT appears to work faster than IPT, but they both seem to have the same positive effect at a one-year follow-up

Question 34

Which of the following is used to measure arm movements as an indicator of sleep activity and sleep quality?

Answer 34

actigraph

Question 35

While sleeping, Michael, a 55-year-old overweight male, experiences a cessation in his breathing for short periods. Michael’s wife reports that he snores continuously and never feels rested. Michael’s symptoms are consistent with:

Answer 35

sleep apnea

Question 36

Mr. Dunn has been experiencing insomnia for several weeks. His doctor recommends that he only lie in bed for three hours, the amount of time that he actually sleeps each night. The amount of time Mr. Dunn lies in bed is then increased as he begins to sleep more. This treatment is known as:

Answer 36

sleep restriction

Question 37

The primary difference between sleep terrors and nightmares is:

Answer 37

sleep terrors occur during NREM sleep

Question 38

lanugo

Answer 38

downy hair on limbs or cheeks

Question 39

amenorrhea

Answer 39

cessation of menstruation

Question 40

causes of bulimia and anorexia

Answer 40

``` media and cultural considerations biological: partial genetic component/ deficits in serotonin/ heritability/ tendency to be emotionally responsive to stress low sense of personal control and self-confidence perfectionistic attitudes distorted body image mood intolerance dietary restraint family influences biological and psychological dimensions ```

Question 41

bulimia nervosa treatment

Answer 41

CBT (treatment of choice) | antidepressants (usually not efficacious in long-term

Question 42

binge eating disorder treatment

Answer 42

medications not recommended CBT interpersonal psychotherapy self-help techniques

Question 43

anorexia nervosa teatment

Answer 43

general goals and strategies: weight restoration/ psychoeducation/ behavioral and cognitive interventions/ often involves family

Question 44

obesity treatment

Answer 44

1. self-directed weight loss program 2. commercial self-help program 3. behavior medification programs 4. bariatric surgery * moderate success with adults/ greater success with children and adolescents

Question 45

cataplexy

Answer 45

loss of muscle tone

Question 46

hypnagogic hallucinations

Answer 46

vivid and realistic as going to sleep or waking up

Question 47

obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea

Answer 47

airflow stops, but respiratory system works

Question 48

central sleep apnea (CSA)

Answer 48

respiratory system stops for brief periods

Question 49

sleep-related hypoventilation

Answer 49

decreased breathing during sleep not better explained by another sleep disorder

Question 50

insomnia treatments

Answer 50

benzodiazepines and over-the-counter sleep medications best as short term solution CBT: psychoeducation about sleep, changing beliefs about sleep, practice better habits

Question 51

hypersomnia and narcolepsy treatments

Answer 51

stimulants | cataplesy treated with antidepressants

Question 52

breathing-related sleep disorder treatments

Answer 52

medications, weight loss, or mechanical devices

Question 53

circadian rhythm sleep wake disorers tretments

Answer 53

phase delays (moving bedtime later) phase advances use of very bright light