CH.4

Question 1

anxiety

Answer 1

mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses
associated with limbic system and septal-hippocampal systems

Question 2

fear

Answer 2

emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies
immediate fight or flight response
abrupt activation of sympathetic nervous system
strong avoidance/escapist tendencies
marked negative affect

Question 3

panic

Answer 3

sudden, overwhelming fright or terror

Question 4

panic attack

Answer 4

abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by several physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations

Question 5

behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

Answer 5

brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety
alert system (potential dangers)

Question 6

fight/flight system (FFS)

Answer 6

brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm-and-escape response resembling human panic
activated by decencies in serotonin

Question 7

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 7

anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry about multiple areas of life that is distressing ad unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness
chronic worry
persists for 6 months or more
very prevalent among elderly
tends to run in families

Question 8

panic disorder (PD)

Answer 8

recurrent unexpected panic attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks
many develop agoraphobia
onset is often acute
nocturnal panic attacks during non-REM sleep
interoceptive avoidance of physical sensations linked to anxiety

Question 9

agoraphobia

Answer 9

anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult

Question 10

panic control treatment (PCT)

Answer 10

cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them

Question 11

specific phobia

Answer 11

Unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functio

Question 12

blood-injection-injury phobia

Answer 12

unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection.
victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure

Question 13

situational phobia

Answer 13

anxiety involving enclosed places (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying).

Question 14

natural environment phobia

Answer 14

fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water

Question 15

animal phobia

Answer 15

unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life

Question 16

separation anxiety disorder

Answer 16

excessive, enduring fear in some children that harm will come to them or their parents while they are apart

Question 17

social anxiety disorder (SAD)

Answer 17

extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations
onset usually during adolescence
causes- biological and evolutionary vulnerability
treatment- CBT/ cognitive-behavioral group treatment (CBGT)
both highly effective

Question 18

social phobia

Answer 18

extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations

Question 19

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 19

enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a severe helplessness or fear-inducing threat. the victim reexperiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal
diagnosed when reaction persists for 1 month or more
combat and sexual assault most common

Question 20

acute stress disorder

Answer 20

severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization.
many victims later develop posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 21

adjustment disorders

Answer 21

clinically significant emotional and behavioral symptoms in response to one or more specific stressors

Question 22

attachment disorders

Answer 22

developmentally inappropriate behaviors in which a child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults

Question 23

reactive attachment disorder

Answer 23

attachment disorder in which a child with disturbed behavior neither seeks out a caregiver nor responds to offers of help from one; fearfulness and sadness are often evident

Question 24

disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 24

condition in which a child shows no inhibitions whatsoever in approaching adults

Question 25

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 25

anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them cleaning and washing or checking rituals common onset typically in early adolescence tends to be chronic

Question 26

obsessions

Answer 26

recurrent intrusive thought or impulse the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing it is not imposed by outside forces

Question 27

compulsions

Answer 27

repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform

Question 28

body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

Answer 28

somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance ("imagined ugliness") often leads to compulsive behaviors tends to run in families

Question 29

trichotillomania

Answer 29

people's urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arm

Question 30

excoriation

Answer 30

recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one's skin leading to significant impairment or distress

Question 31

expected panic

Answer 31

usually cued by a situation/stimulus

Question 32

unexpected panic

Answer 32

unknown when the next one will occur | constant state of fear

Question 33

genetic vulnerability

Answer 33

more likely to be anxious if there is a family history of anxiety

Question 34

anxiety and brain circuits

Answer 34

depleted levels of GABA are associated with more anxiety | deficits in norepinephrine and serotonin also associated with greater anxiety

Question 35

integrative view of anxiety

Answer 35

triple vulnerability model generalized biological vulnerability- diathasis generalized psychological vulnerability- how you deel about the world specific psychological vulnerability- what are parents fears

Question 36

GAD treatment

Answer 36

``` generally weak psychological interventions (CBT) pharmacotherapy- benzodiazaphines/ antidepressants meditation therapy combined treatments ```

Question 37

panic disorder treatment

Answer 37

medication treatment - SSRIs or benzodiazepines >relapse rates are high following medication discontinuation CBT highly effective panic control teatment (PCT) psychological and combined treatments

Question 38

acute PTSD

Answer 38

may be diagnosed one to three months post trauma

Question 39

chronic PTSD

Answer 39

diagnosed after three months post trauma

Question 40

delayed onset of PTSD

Answer 40

onset six months or more post trauma

Question 41

acute stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 41

PTSD immediately post-trauma (up to one month)

Question 42

PTSD treatment

Answer 42

psychological treatments- CBT hightly effective >may include, graduated or massed imaging exposure/ develop narrative of traumatic event to process understanding/ challenge maladaptive beliefs about the world medication- SSRIs and medications effective against anxiety and panic

Question 43

thought-action fusion

Answer 43

thought is similar to the action; thinking something will make it more likely to happen

Question 44

OCD treatment

Answer 44

biological- SSRIs/ relapse common | psychological- CBT exposure to anxious cues and prevention of ritualized response

Question 45

BDD treatment

Answer 45

parallels that for OCD CBT with exposure to anxiety and preventing compulsions medications SSRIs

Question 46

comorbidity

Answer 46

having more than one diagnosis at once