AOS 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

state the 3 components of the brain

A

midbrain, hindbrain, forebrain

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2
Q

parts and role of the hindbrain

A

supports bodily function and is the link between the spinal cord and brain. it’s important for movement and balance. contains the medulla, pons, cerebellum

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3
Q

define the medulla

A

a continuation of the spine. its controls breathing, heartbeat and digestion

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4
Q

define the pons

A

sits above the medulla and receives info sent from visual areas to control eye and body movements

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5
Q

define the cerebellum

A

receives information from the pons and coordinates the sequence of movement

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6
Q

parts and role of the midbrain

A

contains the reticular formation. role of the midbrain is to regulate sleep, motor movement and arousal

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7
Q

define reticular formation

A

a network of neurons that are important in the control of arousal and the sleep wake cycle

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8
Q

parts and role of the forebrain

A

contains the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus. biggest of the 3 components

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9
Q

define cerebrum

A

covered by the cerebral cortex and divided into 2 hemispheres. biggest part of forebrain.

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10
Q

define hypothalamus

A

controls sleep, regulation of body temperature and expression of emotions

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11
Q

define thalamus

A

receives info from sensory organs. enables an organism to process sensory stimuli and determine which is important

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12
Q

define neuron

A

specialised cell that receives, processes and communicates information.

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13
Q

define neurotransmitters

A

released from axon terminal and cross the synaptic gap

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14
Q

examples of neurotransmitters

A

dopamine, serotonin, GABA

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15
Q

define sensory neurons

A

to the CNS from sensory organs

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16
Q

define motor neurons

A

from CNS to glands and muscles

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17
Q

define interneurons

A

connect sensory and motor neurons

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18
Q

define dendrites

A

receives info from other neurons/sensory receptors via synapse and deliver this info to cell body or soma

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19
Q

define soma

A

the cell body. controls metabolism and maintenance of cell

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20
Q

define axon

A

a nerve fibre that carries info away from soma towards other neurons

21
Q

define glial cells

A

hold neurons together, removes dead neurons, supplies nourishment and oxygen to neurons

22
Q

define myelin

A

fatty substance that insulates the axon from surrounding fluid and other neurons. produced In Brain and spinal cord

23
Q

define afferent neurons

A

towards the brain

24
Q

define efferent neurons

A

away from brain

25
Q

define terminal buttons

A

at the end of an axon that releases neurotransmitters

26
Q

define synapse

A

junction between 2 neurons

27
Q

define neural pathway

A

a pathway nerve impulses take along a neuron

28
Q

define hemispheric specialisation

A

the two brain hemispheres working together to perform most functions, although some functions are more dominant in one hemisphere

29
Q

define frontal lobe

A

contains primary motor cortex (voluntary movement), and brocas area (speech and grammar) and is responsible for abstract thought, planning and social skills

30
Q

define temporal lobe

A

contains wernickes area (language comprehension), and the primary auditory cortex (detecting auditory stimuli) and is responsible for hearing

31
Q

define occipital lobe

A

contains primary visual cortex (detecting visual stimuli) and is responsible for vision and processing visual stimuli

32
Q

define parietal lobe

A

contains primary somatosensory cortex (receives tactile info) and is responsible for integrating all sensory info

33
Q

define central nervous system

A

contains brain and spinal cord. enables the brain to communicate with the rest of the body by conveying messages from the brain to PNS and vice versa

34
Q

define peripheral nervous system

A

contains somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system. PNS is responsible for communicating info from organs, glands and muscles to the outside world and vice versa

35
Q

define somatic nervous system

A

voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

36
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

communication of info between CNS and non skeletal muscles. contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

37
Q

define sympathetic nervous system

A

readies the body in times of emergency (fight, flight, freeze)

38
Q

define parasympathetic nervous system

A

maintains automatic day to day bodily functions

39
Q

define plasticity

A

the way in which there human brain changes in response to stimulation from the environment

40
Q

state and define the 2 types of plasticity

A

developmental(infancy) and adaptive(throughout life)

41
Q

state the 5 stages of neural development

A

proliferation, migration, circuit formation, synaptic pruning, myelination

42
Q

define proliferation

A

unborn cells divide and multiply

43
Q

define migration

A

newly formed neurons move towards their destined locations

44
Q

define circuit formation

A

when axons of new neurons grow out to target cells and form synapses with them

45
Q

define synaptic pruning

A

elimination of excess neurons and synapses

46
Q

define myelination

A

axons become insulated by the myelin

47
Q

define synaptogenesis

A

process of forming new synapses

48
Q

define sensitive period

A

certain stages in development suited to learning particular things

49
Q

brain development

A

cerebellum (increase in neurons and synapses), amygdala becomes more active, corpus callosum becomes thicket along with an increase of nerve fibres