81-125

Question 1

Embolism

Answer 1

The blockade of a vessel by an air bubble or a blood clot.

Question 2

Endocrine communication

Answer 2

When the signal uses the bloodstream as a channel to reach the target cell.

Question 3

Endocytosis

Answer 3

Occurs when the substance enters the cell by membrane invagination to form an internal vesicle.

Question 4

Endothelium

Answer 4

A single cell layer forming the internal lining of blood vessels

Question 5

Eosinophil granulocyte

Answer 5

White blood cells containing vesicles stained by eosin (acidic stain).

Question 6

Equilibrium

Answer 6

The lowest energy-state of a system that may result from opposing forces arising from within the system.

Question 7

Eupnea

Answer 7

Normal breathing

Question 8

Evans blue

Answer 8

A blue stain that cannot penetrate the capillary wall, and is used for measuring og the blood volume.

Question 9

Exocytosis

Answer 9

Transport of a substance stored in internal vesicles from the cell to the surroundings by fusion of the vesicle with the cell membrane.

Question 10

Expirational reserve volume

Answer 10

The additional volume that can be expired at the end of a normal expiration.

Question 11

Extrasystole

Answer 11

The excitation and contraction of the heart which does not correspond to the sinus rhythm.

Question 12

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

The passive transport of a molecule across a membrane along the concentration gradient. It does not use energy, but requires a transporter.

Question 13

Facilitation

Answer 13

The temporal increase of synaptic efficiency due to preceding activation of that synapse.

Question 14

FAD

Answer 14

Flavin-adenin-dinucleotid, a co-enzyme.

Question 15

Fibrillation

Answer 15

Asynchronous, disorganized contraction of individual muscle fibers in the atria or ventricles in the heart.

Question 16

Fibrinogen

Answer 16

Protein components of the blood plasma: the polymerization to fibrin is the most important step of blood coagulation.

Question 17

Filament

Answer 17

A thin fiber made up of proteins; sliding of actin and myosin filaments on each other explains muscle contraction.

Question 18

Filtration

Answer 18

The movement of water and small molecules through a membrane (capillary wall) because of the pressure difference.

Question 19

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 19

A model that states that biological membranes are built up of a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules van easily move (float) in the horizontal direction.

Question 20

Fructose

Answer 20

Ketohexose found in honey and many fruits.

Question 21

Functional residual capacity

Answer 21

The volume of air remaining in the lounge at the end of normal expiration.

Question 22

Functional syncytium

Answer 22

heart muscle cells which form a functional unit because of the electrical synapses between them.

Question 23

Globulin

Answer 23

A protein molecule that has a spherical tertiary structure. Eks. hemoglobin.

Question 24

Glucose

Answer 24

An aldohexose, the cells primary metabolic fuel; blood sugar.

Question 25

Glycogen

Answer 25

A highly branched glucose polymer found in animals.

Question 26

Glycolipid

Answer 26

A lipid containing carbohydrate groups.

Question 27

Glycoprotein

Answer 27

a protein containing carbohydrate groups.

Question 28

Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation

Answer 28

An approximate description of the resting membrane potential, based on the concentration and permeability of the three most important diffusible ions (Na^+, K^+, Cl^-)

Question 29

G-protein

Answer 29

A GTP-binding protein at the inner surface of plasma membranes. It plays a critical role in signal transduction.

Question 30

Granulocyte

Answer 30

White blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules who's staining is used to differentiate between the three basic types: neutrophil, basophil and eosinophil.

Question 31

GTP

Answer 31

Guanosine truphosphate, an energy-rich nucleotide like ATP

Question 32

Hematocrit

Answer 32

The percentage of total blood volume occupied by blood cells. In humans its usually between 40 and 50%.

Question 33

Homeostasis

Answer 33

The maintenance og the relative internal stability by physiological control systems.

Question 34

Hydration

Answer 34

Occurs when water molecules surround polar molecules and ions shielding off their charges and ensuring that they remain in the solution.

Question 35

Hydrogen-bonds

Answer 35

Weak interaction between an H-atom bound to a highly electronegative atom (O, N) in a molecule and another highly electronegative atom in the same or a different molecule.

Question 36

Hydrophilic (lipophobic)

Answer 36

A polar or charged molecule that is able to interact with water molecules. It can be dissolved in water.

Question 37

Hydrophobic (lipophiliv)

Answer 37

A non-polar molecule which is unable to interact with water molecules. It is insolvable in water.

Question 38

Hyperpnea

Answer 38

Hyperventilation - increased lung ventilation.

Question 39

Hyperpolarization

Answer 39

A shift of the resting membrane potential toward more negative values.

Question 40

Hyperventilation

Answer 40

Increased lung ventilation. Also referred to as hyperpnea.

Question 41

Hypopolarization

Answer 41

A shift of the resting membrane potential towards less negative values.

Question 42

Immunoglobulin

Answer 42

An alternative name for antibody.

Question 43

Inspirational reserve volume

Answer 43

The additional volume that can be inspired at the end of normal inspiration.

Question 44

Internode

Answer 44

The space alone a myelinated axon that is covered by a myelinating glial cell.

Question 45

Interstitial space

Answer 45

A tissue space between cells.