8.1-8.2 Vocab

Question 1

adenosine triphosphate (ATP):

Answer 1

one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy (consists of adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups)

Question 2

heterotrophs:

Answer 2

organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things

Question 3

autotrophs:

Answer 3

organisms that make their own food

Question 4

photosynthesis:

Answer 4

the process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches) that can be used as food

Question 5

pigments:

Answer 5

light-absorbing molecules that plants use to gather the sun’s energy

Question 6

chlorophyll:

Answer 6

the plants’ principal pigment (when chlorophyll absorbs light, a large fraction of that light energy is transferred directly to electrons in the molecule

Question 7

thylokoids:

Answer 7

saclike photosynthetic membranes abundantly found in choloplasts (arranged in stacks called grana where pigments are located here)

Question 8

stroma:

Answer 8

the fluid partion of the chloroplast, outside of the thylakoids

Question 9

NADP+

Answer 9

a compound that acts as a carrier molecule (accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion, converting it into NADPH, energy trapped in chemical form, then carried to chemical reactions in the cell)

Question 10

light-dependent reactions:

Answer 10

first set of reactions that require the direct involvement of light and light-absorbing pigments (use energy from sunlight to produce energy rich compounds like ATP)

Question 11

light independent reactions:

Answer 11

ATP and NADPH molecules produced in the light dep. are used to produce high-energy sugars from CO2, no light required