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Biology Year 12 > 8.1 - Genes + the Genetic Code > Flashcards

8.1 - Genes + the Genetic Code Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene?

A
  • a section of DNA containing the coded info for making polypeptides + functional RNA
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2
Q

What do genes determine?

A

The nature + development of all organisms

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3
Q

Where is a gene located?

A
  • at a locus on a DNA molecule
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4
Q

What do genes code for?

A
  • the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
  • or a functional RNA, (rRNA + tRNA)
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5
Q

How many different triplets are there?

A

64

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6
Q

What is a triplet?

A

A sequence of 3 bases

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7
Q

How many triplets are most amino acids coded for by?

A
  • 2 - 6
  • only a few are coded by only 1 triplet
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8
Q

What is the genetic code known as?

A
  • a ‘degenerate code’
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9
Q

How is a triplet read?

A
  • in 1 particular direction along the DNA strand
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10
Q

What amino acid does the triplet at the start of a DNA sequence code for for a polypeptide?

A
  • Methionine
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11
Q

How many triplets don’t code for any animo acid?

A

3

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12
Q

What are the triplets that don’t code for any amino acid called?

A
  • stop codes
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13
Q

What do ‘stop codes’ do?

A
  • mark the end of a polypeptide chain
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14
Q

What does the genetic code being non-overlapping mean?

A
  • each base in the sequence is read only once
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15
Q

What does the genetic code being universal mean?

A
  • each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms (w a few exceptions)
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16
Q

What are the features of the genetic code?

A
  • few AA coded by 1 triplet
  • most AA coded by 2-6 triplets
  • genetic code knows as a ‘degenerate code’
  • triplet always read in 1 direction along DNA strand
  • DNA sequence coding for a polypeptide always starts w triplet coding for AA Methionine
  • 3 stop codes
  • genetic code is non-overlapping + universal
17
Q

What are exons?

A
  • sequence of bases coding for sequence of AA
18
Q

What are introns?

A
  • non-coding sequences in genes that separate exons
19
Q

What is the definition of ‘non-coding base sequences’?

A
  • DNA that doesn’t code for AA
20
Q

Why don’t all mutations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene cause a change in the structure of a polypeptide?

A
  • triplets code for same AA (as code degenerate)
  • mutation occurs in introns (non-coding base sequence)

Biology Year 12 (9 decks)

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