Lecture 1 Old Notes: Tandler

Question 1

What is resolution and how does it relate to magnification?

Answer 1

It is about the ability to see fine detail and is independent of magnification

Question 2

What are the two most common stains used for histologic presentation?

Answer 2

Hematoxylin and Eosin

Question 3

Why does the nucleus tend to stain with basic dyes?

Answer 3

It is basophillic due to the nucleus being an acidic environment

Question 4

Why does the cytoplasm of a cell tend to react with acidic dyes?

Answer 4

It has pKs around 8, making it slightly basic.

Question 5

Is hemotoxylin basic or acidic?

Answer 5

Basic, so used to stain nuclei

Question 6

Is eosin acidic or basic?

Answer 6

Acidic, so it stains cytoplasm

Question 7

What cellular structure contains all of the enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

How many different enzymes does mitochondria contain?

Answer 8

Over 120

Question 9

For the mitochondrial membranes, which one is folded and which is flat?

Answer 9

Inner is folded, outer is flat

Question 10

What shape are mitochondrial cristae in the adrenal glands, testes or ovaries?

Answer 10

Tubular

Question 11

How common are mitochondrial disturbances?

Answer 11

1:2000

Question 12

What material does smooth ER help digest and synthesize?

Answer 12

Glycogen

Question 13

What kind of proteins comprise the particles on the outside of rough ER?

Answer 13

Ribonucleo proteins

Question 14

Are ribonucleo proteins acidic or basic?

Answer 14

Acidic

Question 15

What takes amino acids and incorporates them into proteins?

Answer 15

Cisternae

Question 16

Where is a lot of protein synthesized?

Answer 16

Rough ER

Question 17

What enzyme does the smooth ER use to synthesize and break down glycogen?

Answer 17

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 18

What is characteristic of all golgi regardless of function?

Answer 18

Numerous small vesicles and large vacuoles

Question 19

What is the most important thing that happens to the proteins as they move through the Golgi?

Answer 19

They are glycosylated (sugars are added to them)

Question 20

What do condensing vacuoles do? (hint: found in Golgi)

Answer 20

They hold proteins and they dehydrate them, turning them into granules

Question 21

What is the significance of the granular form of proteins?

Answer 21

This is the storage form of proteins, allowing them to be transported including out of the cell.

Question 22

What are three roles of Smooth ER?

Answer 22

Glycogen metabolism, detoxification, production of steroid hormones

Question 23

Lysosome has what kind of enzymes?

Answer 23

Destructive

Question 24

Do centrioles all have a uniform structure when viewed from the electron microscope?

Answer 24

Yah

Question 25

How are the tubules arranged in centrioles?

Answer 25

9 sets of triplets

Question 26

What do centrioles make, which is important for cell division?

Answer 26

Mitotic spindle

Question 27

What’s the importance of the mitotic spindle?

Answer 27

Important for cell division

Question 28

How are centrioles related to cilia?

Answer 28

Centrioles induce the production of cilia

Question 29

What is the cytoskeleton of every cell made of?

Answer 29

Microtubules

Question 30

What kind of protein makes of microtubules?

Answer 30

Tubulin

Question 31

What is the shape of every nuclear pore?

Answer 31

Octagonal

Question 32

Is the nucleolus basophilic (takes up basic dyes, indicating it is acidic) or acidophilic (takes up acidic dyes, indicating it is basic)?

Answer 32

Extremely basophilic

Question 33

Where is the ribosomal RNA produced?

Answer 33

Nucleolus

Question 34

What do you add to a test tube full of tubulin in a solution in order to cause tubule production?

Answer 34

GTP