Chapter 22: Clients With Spinal Cord Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy, and Cerebral Palsy

Question 1

Spinal Cord Injury

Answer 1

Results in the impairment or loss of motor function, sensory function, or both in the trunk or limbs due to irreversible damage to neural tissues within the spinal canal. (NSCA CPT, pg. 584)

Question 2

Quadriplegia

Answer 2

Paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso. (NSCA CPT, pg. 584)

Question 3

Paraplegia

Answer 3

An impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. (NSCA CPT, pg. 584)

Question 4

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Answer 4

A potentially dangerous and, in rare cases, lethal clinical syndrome that develops in individuals with spinal cord injury, resulting in acute, uncontrolled hypertension. (NSCA CPT, pg. 584)

Question 5

Bradychardia

Answer 5

Low heart rate. (NSCA CPT, pg. 584)

Question 6

Forced Vital Capacity

Answer 6

Total volume of air forcefully exhaled. (NSCA CPT, pg. 588)

Question 7

Spasticity

Answer 7

A state of increased tonus of a muscle characterized by heightened deep tendon reflexes. (NSCA CPT, pg. 598)

Question 8

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 8

An immune-mediated (autoimmune) disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible persons. (NSCA CPT, pg. 589)

Question 9

Dystonic Spasms

Answer 9

Brief, recurring, painful posturing of one or more limbs. (NSCA CPT, pg. 590)

Question 10

Epilepsy

Answer 10

Defined medically as two or more unprovoked, recurring seizures. (NSCA CPT, pg. 594)

Question 11

Seizure

Answer 11

An uncontrolled, paroxysmal electrical discharge within any part of the brain that causes physical or mental symptoms and may or may not be associated with convulsions. (NSCA CPT, pg. 594)

Question 12

Status Epilepticus

Answer 12

Defined as a seizure lasting more than 30 minutes or a series of seizures that occur so frequently that consciousness is not restored. (NSCA CPT, pg. 594)

Question 13

Postictal State

Answer 13

The period immediately after the seizure(NSCA CPT, pg. 597)

Question 14

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 14

A term used to describe a group of chronic musculoskeletal deficits causing impaired body movement and muscle coordination. (NSCA CPT, pg. 597)

Question 15

Apraxia

Answer 15

Inability to perform coordinated voluntary gross and fine motor skills. (NSCA CPT, pg. 5

Question 16

Ataxia

Answer 16

Uncoordinated voluntary movements; clients with ataxia often have a wide-based gait with genu recurvatum or “hyperextended knee” and may exhibit mild intention tremors. (NSCA CPT, pg. 598)

Question 17

Athetosis

Answer 17

Slow, writhing, contortion-like motions of the appendicular musculature. (NSCA CPT, pg. 598)

Question 18

Chorea

Answer 18

State of excessive, spontaneous movements, irregularly timed, that are nonrepetitive and abrupt; client is unable to maintain voluntary muscle contractions. (NSCA CPT, pg. 598)

Question 19

Dyskinesis

Answer 19

Impairment of voluntary movement resulting in incomplete movements. (NSCA CPT, pg. 598)

Question 20

Dystonia

Answer 20

Sustained muscle contractions that result in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posture. (NSCA CPT, pg. 598)

Question 21

Myoclonus

Answer 21

Shock-like synchronous or asynchronous contractions of a portion of a muscle, an entire muscle, or a group of muscles. (NSCA CPT, pg. 598)