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M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW > Block 2: Posterior Abdominal Region > Flashcards

Block 2: Posterior Abdominal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

mesentery that suspends the viscera

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2
Q

Parietal vs Visceral Peritoneum

A

Parietal: lines the abdominal wall
Visceral: lines the organs of the GI tract

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3
Q

What structures are peritoneal?

A 
Liver
Stomach 
Spleen 
Small intestines except duodenum (1st part) 
Transverse & Sigmoid Colon
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4
Q

Describe fluidity of peritoneal vs retroperitoneal structures

A

peritoneal: some fluid in the cavity, organs can move around
retroperitoneal: structures are embedded and don’t move

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5
Q

Retroperitoneal Structures

A

SADPUCKER

suprarenal (adrenal) gland 
aorta/IVC 
duodenum 
pancreas 
ureters  
colon 
kidneys 
esophagus
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6
Q

When opening the abdominal cavity, how can you differentiate b/w visceral and parietal peritoneum?

A

visceral: shiny, glistening capsule on the surface of the organs
parietal: you can pull it off the abdominal wall

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7
Q

First major branch of the aorta

A

celiac trunk

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8
Q

Second major branch of the aorta

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)

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9
Q

What is the clinical significance of the angle of the SMA?

A

the “takeoff” is oblique

this makes it easy for emboli to happen at this juncture

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10
Q

What is a frequent site of aneurysm? (AAA)

A

infra-aortic artery

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11
Q

What are the minor lateral branches of the aorta?

A 
diaphragmatic
adrenal 
gonadal 
lumbar 
ureteral
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12
Q

Note the relationship b/w the IVC and the spine

A

the IVC is laterally to the right of the spine

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13
Q

What’s the significance of the IVC being laterally to the right of the spine?

A

important for central line placement

easier to do on the right side b/c the vein is straighter than the artery

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14
Q

location relationship b/w left renal vein and aorta

A

left renal vein crosses over the aorta

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15
Q

Left gonadal vein drainage

A

into the left renal vein

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16
Q

right gonadal vein drainage

A

into the IVC

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17
Q

landmark for the SMA

A

just above the L renal is the takeoff for the SMA

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18
Q

left adrenal vein drainage

A

into the left renal vein

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19
Q

right adrenal vein drainage

A

directly into the IVC

20
Q

L renal vein vs R renal vein length

A

the left renal vein is longer than the right

21
Q

Ureter

A

long, smooth muscle that allows for peristalsis

22
Q

List the upper abdominal arterial supply for the ureters

A

renal artery
gonadal artery
aorta

23
Q

List the middle abdominal arterial supply for the ureters

A

gonadal and iliac arteries

24
Q

List the distal abdominal arterial supply for the ureters

A

internal iliac leading to vesical arteries

25
Q

Pelvic arterial supply for the ureters

A

superior and inferior vesical arteries

26
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidney?

A

Hilar Node

27
Q

Upper lymphatic drainage of the ureter

A

joins renal lymphatics to lumbar nodes

28
Q

Middle lymphatic drainage of the ureter

A

to iliac nodes

29
Q

Pelvic/Distal lymphatic drainage of the ureter

A

to internal iliac and vesical nodes

30
Q

What do lymphatics typically run with?

A

vasculature–particularly, arterial

31
Q

Cysterna Chyli

A

lymph collecting sac from many channels

32
Q

Significance of the cysterna chyli

A

starting point of the thoracic duct

33
Q

Cysterna Chyli Location

A

in front of L1 and L2

34
Q

Where is the cysterna chyli most likely to be injured?

A

in the area where the renal vein crosses over it

35
Q

Innervation of the kidneys

A

sympathetic fibers transmit pain, ~T12-L2

36
Q

Explain how pain near the kidneys is transmitted

A

the peritoneal lining above the kidney will get irritated/enflamed, causing pain

37
Q

From what embryonic layer do the kidneys originate?

A

mesoderm

38
Q

Metanephros

A

primordial kidneys, will mature into kidney

39
Q

Metanephros development is contingent on

A

ingrowth of the ureteric bud (coming from the cloaca) from below

40
Q

What happens if the metanephros does not bud?

A

renal agenesis (no kidney will form)

41
Q

What happens if the metanephros budding is incomplete?

A

dysplastic kidneys (kidneys will be present but not functional)

42
Q

What can if the metanephros buds and bifurcates but it happens at the wrong time?

A

duplicated ureters, renal pelvis

43
Q

Where do kidney stones get caught?

A

in the ureters

44
Q

Metanephros transforms into ______, which empty into _______, then narrows to form ______

A
  1. calyces (major then minor)
  2. renal pelvis
  3. ureter
45
Q

What are the 3 points of narrowing of the ureters?

A
  1. uteropelvic junction (UPJ)
  2. pelvic brim (entering the pelvis, cross the bifurcation of the iliacs)
  3. ureterovesical junction (junction with the bladder)
46
Q

F(x) of the kidney

A

filter blood, reabsorb water, creates urine

47
Q

Kidney arterial significance

A

the arteries in the kidney are not collaterized; they serve individual portions of the kidney, so taking out 1 portion would remove all arterial supply to the affected area

M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW (37 decks)

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