Shelf: Pelvis

Question 1

rectocele

Answer 1

herniation (bulge) of the front wall of the rectum into the back wall of the vagina.

Question 2

cystocele

Answer 2

prolapsed bladder; woman’s bladder bulges into her vagina

Question 3

rectovaginal septum

Answer 3

separates the posterior surface of the vagina from the rectum

Question 4

mesometrium

Answer 4

Surrounds the uterus and is the largest subsection of the broad ligament. It runs laterally to cover the external iliac vessels, forming a distinct fold over them. The mesometrium also encloses the proximal part of the round ligament of the uterus

Question 5

Mesovarium

Answer 5

Part of the broad ligament associated with the ovaries

Question 6

Mesosalpinx

Answer 6

Originates superiorly to the mesovarium, enclosing the fallopian tubes.

Question 7

Blood supply to the uterus

Answer 7

uterine artery

Question 8

Hysterosalpinograpm

Answer 8

imaging tool to evaluate tubal patency and shape of uterine cavity

Question 9

spermatic cord contents

Answer 9

testicular artery 
panpiniform plexus of veins 
genital branch of genitofemoral N 
vas deferens 
processus vaginalis 
lymph vessels

Question 10

Erection and Tumescence Innervatoin

Answer 10

erection: stimulation of pelvic plexus and cavernous nerves (specifically, sacral parasympathetic)
sympathetic trunk: stimulates detumescence (specifically, thoracolumbar sympathetic pathway)

Question 11

What are the muscles involved in erection?

Answer 11

ischiocavernosus: “erector penis”; act as a pump to increase penile turgor
bulbospongiosum: propels ejaculate

Question 12

What artery is responsible for penis engorgement?

Answer 12

dorsal artery: engorgement of glans

bulbourethral artery: bulb & corpus spongiosum

Question 13

Describe urinary extravasation

Answer 13

Directing urinary extravasation from the bulbomembranous urethra is the firm attachment of the Buck’s fascia to the pubic rami and the ischial spines and tuberosities,
¡ This leads to directing spread onto the abdomen under Scarpa’s fascia and, by its continuity with the dartos layer, into the scrotum

Question 14

Disruption fo the spongy urethra

Answer 14

urine may extravasate into the superficiasl perineal pouch & anerior abdominal wall

will not extend into anal triangle b/c superficial perineal fascia

will not extend into thigh b/c of superficial perineal fascia

Question 15

What are the sphincters for urethral and urinary continene?

Answer 15

external urethral: voluntary

internal urethral: involuntary

Question 16

Prostatic hyperplasia vs. malignancy

Answer 16

The prostatic urethra travels through the prostate gland

Urinary retention occurs if the periurethral prostate is enlarge because it compresses the urethra