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human phys lfs112 > Week 7, Digestion > Flashcards

Week 7, Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

The oesophagus has ________ epithelium.

A

stratified squamous

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2
Q

Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?

A

pancreatic juice

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3
Q

Haustra are

A

expansible pouches of the colon.

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4
Q

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

A

entry of food into the stomach.

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5
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

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6
Q

The large intestine epithelium;

A

contains goblet cells that secretes mucus for lubrication.

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7
Q

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

A

gastrin.

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8
Q

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is

A

trypsin.

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9
Q

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

A

mass movements.

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10
Q

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

A

small intestine

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11
Q

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

A

pylorus.

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12
Q

Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________, and sympathetic activation causes ________.

A

constriction; dilation

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13
Q

How is glucose absorbed across the apical enterocyte membrane?

A

Na+/glucose cotransporter.

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14
Q

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

A

chyme

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15
Q

All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium except the

A

oesophagus.

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16
Q

Peripheral adaptation ________ the number of action potentials that reach the CNS.

A

decreases

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17
Q

Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on
the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell.

cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell.

higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell.

sodium-linked cotransport.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

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18
Q

The taenia coli are

A

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall.

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19
Q

The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves

A

cotransport.

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20
Q

Saliva secretion;

A

can increase when we smell food.

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21
Q

The conversion of pepsinogen into the active form, pepsin, requires

A

an acidic pH.

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22
Q

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

hormones.

parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.

the contents of the digestive tract.

intrinsic nerve plexuses.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

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23
Q

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A

pancreas

24
Q

Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by

A

bicarbonate from the pancreas.

25
Q

Which of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine?
Answers:
the circular folds

the villi

the microvilli

intestinal movements

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

26
Q

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

Answers:
sensory analysis of material before swallowing.

mechanical processing of food.

lubrication.

absorption of monosaccharides.

digestion of carbohydrates.

A

absorption of monosaccharides.

27
Q

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by

A

lymphatic vessels.

28
Q

Functions of the stomach include all of the following except

Answers:
storage of ingested food.

denaturation of proteins.

initiation of protein digestion.

absorption of triglycerides.

mechanical breakdown of food.

A

absorption of triglycerides.

29
Q

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

A

body.

30
Q

The enzyme amylase digests

A

polysaccharides.

31
Q

Circular folds and intestinal villi

A

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

32
Q

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

A

peristalsis.

33
Q

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A

mouth.

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT normally absorbed across the epithelia of the small intestine?
Answers:
glucose

water

sodium (Na+)

fatty acids

amino acids

A

fatty acids

35
Q

A proenzyme secreted by the pancreas is
Answers:
trypsinogen.

amylase.

carboxypeptidase.

lipase.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

36
Q

The pancreas has endocrine cells that produce hormones and ________ cells that produce digestive enzymes.

A

exocrine

37
Q

The technical term for chewing is

A

mastication

38
Q

Parietal cells secrete

A

hydrochloric acid.

39
Q

The pancreas produces
Answers:
lipases and amylase.

nucleases.

peptidases and proteinases.

sodium bicarbonate.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

40
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)?

A

causes gallbladder to contract

41
Q

The stomach is able to distend a great deal as it receives food because of the presence of

A

rugae

42
Q

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

A

large intestine

43
Q

The essential functions of the liver include
Answers:
metabolic regulation.

hematological regulation.

synthesis and secretion of bile.

albumin production for blood osmotic pressure.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

44
Q

Which of the following is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum?
Answers:
a.
cholecystokinin (CCK).

b.
secretin.

c.
pancreatic juice.

d.
bile.

A

bile.

45
Q

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is

A

secretin.

46
Q

Peristalsis is;

A

waves of smooth muscle contractions that propel contents from one point to another in the gastrointestinal tract.

47
Q

Photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light are ________, while photoreceptor cells that convey our ability to see colour are ________.

A

rods, cones.

48
Q

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the
Answers:
stomach.

pharynx.

oesophagus.

bladder.

colon.

A

bladder.

49
Q

Each gustatory cell extends ________ (called hairs) into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore.

A

microvilli

50
Q

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except

A

partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

51
Q

A typical gustatory cell survives for only about ________ day(s) before it is replaced.

A

10

52
Q

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is

A

trypsin.

53
Q

Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by ________ large fat droplets.

A

emulsifying

54
Q

Identify the incorrect pairing.
Answers:
gallbladder; stores bile

oesophagus; transports material to stomach

pancreas; secretes amylases

liver; produces intrinsic factor

stomach; has an alkaline lining

A

liver; produces intrinsic factor

55
Q

The defecation reflex involves

A

relaxation of both the internal and external anal sphincters.

human phys lfs112 (12 decks)

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