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Human Phys LFS112 > Week 10 Respiratory > Flashcards

Week 10 Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms a(n)

A

mucus escalator.

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2
Q

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

A

respiratory membranes of the alveoli.

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3
Q

The majority of carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported;

A

as the bicarbonate ion.

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4
Q

The apneustic centers of the pons

A

provide stimulation to the inspiratory center.

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5
Q

Gas exchange between air and circulating blood takes place within the

A

alveoli.

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6
Q

External respiration involves the

A

diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.

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7
Q

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

A

the volume of the thorax increases.

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8
Q

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

A

they are equal.

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9
Q

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center(s).

A

DRG and VRG

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10
Q

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

A

bound to hemoglobin.

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11
Q

If I have a tidal volume of 500 mL/breath, a breathing rate of 14 breaths/minute and a dead space volume of 150 mL, my alveolar ventilation rate is closest to how many mL/minute?

A

5000.

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12
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

A

40 mm Hg.

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13
Q

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?
Answers:
It is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Tracheal cartilages prevent tracheal collapse.

It contains many mucous glands.

It alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system.

A

It is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages.

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14
Q

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is;

A

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

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15
Q

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

A

lower respiratory tract.

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16
Q

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

A

movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

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17
Q

At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.

A

more than 90

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18
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli is;

A

less than in the atmosphere due to mixing of inhaled air with alveolar air.

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19
Q

________ = respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space)

A

Alveolar ventilation rate

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20
Q

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

A

maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

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21
Q

The percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 38 degrees centigrade is

A

greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 43 degrees centigrade.

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22
Q

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

A

45 mm Hg.

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23
Q

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

A

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

24
Q

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

A

simple squamous epithelium.

25
Q

Which of the following cells forms the respiratory membrane?

A

type I alveolar cells.

26
Q

If the dorsal respiratory group of neurons in the medulla oblongata were destroyed bilaterally,

A

a person would stop breathing.

27
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli is;

A

less than in the atmosphere due to mixing of inhaled air with alveolar air.

28
Q

In which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration?

A

from the tissue cells into the blood

29
Q

The most important stimulus that induces changes in ventilation is a(n);

A

increase in CO2 generated H+ in the brain.

30
Q

Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.

A

apneustic

31
Q

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A

lobes of the lungs.

32
Q

About 70% of carbon dioxide is transported in deoxygenated blood

A

as bicarbonate ions in the blood plasma.

33
Q

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

A

maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

34
Q

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

A

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

35
Q

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

A

upper respiratory tract.

36
Q

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greatest in

A

venous blood.

37
Q

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

38
Q

The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx constitute the ________ portion of the airway.

A

conducting

39
Q

For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the

A

PO2 should be as high as possible.

40
Q

What occurs if intrapulmonary pressure is 763 mm Hg? (assume atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg);

A

exhalation.

41
Q

________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle.

A

Tidal volume

42
Q

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?
Answers:
decreased temperature

decreased pH

increased tissue PO2

decreased amounts of DPG

All of the answers are correct.

A

decreased pH

43
Q

The Hering-Breuer reflex

A

protects the lungs from damage due to overinflation.

44
Q

At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.

A

more than 90

45
Q

The percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.6 is
Answers:

greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2.

less than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2.

equal to the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2.

equal to the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.4.

None of the answers is correct.

A

greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2.

46
Q

Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the
Answers:
PO2 of the alveoli.

PCO2 of the blood.

thickness of the respiratory membrane.

PN2 of the alveoli.

solubility of oxygen in plasma.

A

PN2 of the alveoli.

47
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately

A

100 mm Hg.

48
Q

Henry’s law states that

A

the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.

49
Q

Stimulation of the apneustic center would result in

A

more intense inhalation.

50
Q

What occurs if intrapulmonic pressure is 763 mm Hg?

A

exhalation

51
Q

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is
Answers:
oxygen.

carbon dioxide.

bicarbonate ion.

sodium ion.

hemoglobin.

A

carbon dioxide.

52
Q

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form

A

carbonic acid.

53
Q

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

A

bound to hemoglobin.

54
Q

During quiet breathing,

A

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

55
Q

Boyle’s law of gases states that

A

if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

Human Phys LFS112 (12 decks)

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