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Human Phys LFS112 > Week 8, Cardiac and Vascular > Flashcards

Week 8, Cardiac and Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles?

A

The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.

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2
Q

The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.

A

systemic

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3
Q

The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill.

A

end-systolic volume

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4
Q

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the;

blood vessel diameter.

b.
blood viscosity.

c.
osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

d.
length of a blood vessel.

A

c.

osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

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5
Q

During one cardiac cycle;

A

both atria contract at the same time.

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6
Q

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called

A

systole.

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7
Q

The QRS complex of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents;

A

depolarisation of the ventricles.

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8
Q

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

blood viscosity

vessel diameter

turbulence

vascular resistance

all of the answers are correct.

A

all of the answers are correct.

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9
Q

The sequential path of an action potential through the conduction system of the heart is,

A

sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, left and right bundle branches, Purkinje fibres.

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10
Q

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

A

coronary arteries

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11
Q

The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

A

systolic ejection phase.

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12
Q

Which of the following blood vessels has the lowest blood pressure?

A

inferior vena cava

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13
Q

The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called:

A

preload.

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14
Q

Afterload is described as:

A

the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries.

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15
Q

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

A

left atrium.

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16
Q

Which of the following is not a function of smooth muscle tissue?

A

forcing blood from the heart into the major arteries

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17
Q

Which of the following represents the flow of most blood in the systemic circuit?

A

artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein

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18
Q

Arteries in the pulmonary circuit carry;

A

deoxygenated (low oxygen) blood towards the lungs

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19
Q

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

A

Coagulation

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20
Q

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A

submucosa.

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21
Q

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

A

lungs.

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22
Q

Which event occurs during ventricular systole?

A

closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves

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23
Q

Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole?

A

Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.

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24
Q

Pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node

A

can spontaneously depolarize.

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25
Q

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except:

decreasing ejection fraction.

decreasing end systolic volume.

increasing stroke volume.

increasing ejection fraction.

increasing heart rate.

A

decreasing ejection fraction.

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26
Q

Stroke volume depends on
Answers:
end diastolic volume.

the contractility of the ventricle.

the pressure required to pump blood into the aorta.

venous return of blood to the heart.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

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27
Q

Cardiac output is increased by

A

sympathetic stimulation.

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28
Q

During ventricular systole, the

A

AV valves are closed.

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29
Q

If the force of ventricular contraction increases, what will happen to the end-systolic volume?

A

decrease

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30
Q

The QRS complex of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents;

A

depolarisation of the ventricles.

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31
Q

During the ventricular filling (i.e. when the ventricles are filling with blood);

A

the atria contract.

32
Q

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

A

QRS complex.

33
Q

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

A

capillaries.

34
Q

Which of the following would increase heart rate?
Answers:
increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node

decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers

increased levels of adrenaline

faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

35
Q

The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels is:

A

blood pressure.

36
Q

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

A

depolarization of the atria.

37
Q

Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.
Answers:
ionic currents

action potentials

the force of contraction

electrical signals

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

38
Q

Calculate cardiac output if the heart rate is 125 beats/minute, the end-diastolic volume is 130 ml, and the end-systolic volume is 40 ml.

A

11,250 ml / min

39
Q

Which of the following would increase heart rate?
Answers:
a.
all of the answers above, a-c, are correct.

b.
increased levels of adrenaline.

c.
increased sympathetic stimulation of sinoatrial (SA) node.

d.
faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential.

A

a.

all of the answers above, a-c, are correct.

40
Q

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

A

left atrium.

41
Q

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

A

veins

42
Q

Which event occurs during ventricular systole?

A

closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves

43
Q

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

A

capillaries.

44
Q

Which of the following statements is false?
Answers:
Cardiac muscle contractions cannot be summated.

Skeletal muscle contractions may be summated.

Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle stimulation is neural.

Cardiac muscle has a striated appearance.

Cardiocytes are interconnected through intercalated discs.

A

Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle stimulation is neural.

45
Q

Cells that spontaneously make action potentials make up ________ tissue.

A

pacemaker

46
Q

Action potentials in contractile cardiac muscle cells;

A

spread from one cell to the next via gap junctions between the cells.

47
Q

The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill.

A

end-systolic volume

48
Q

During ventricular systole, the

A

AV valves are closed.

49
Q

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the

A

stroke volume.

50
Q

The first heart sound (“lubb”) is associated with

A

closing of the atrioventricular valves.

51
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle?
Answers:
Its main source of ATP production is glycogen.

The actin and myosin myofilaments are not arranged in sarcomeres.

Cardiac muscle preferentially metabolizes anaerobically.

There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles.

Cardiac muscle goes into sustained contractions faster than skeletal muscle.

A

There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles.

52
Q

Which of the following is not characteristic of smooth muscle?
Answers:

The striations are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin.

Neurons that innervate smooth muscles are under involuntary control.

Smooth muscle cells are uninucleate.

Smooth muscles do not contain sarcomeres.

The thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies.

A

The striations are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin.

53
Q

What largely determines preload?

A

end-diastolic volume (EDV)

54
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

A

aorta.

55
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A

right and left lungs.

56
Q

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are

A

both repolarizing and relaxing.

57
Q

The two types of cardiac muscle cells involved in a normal heartbeat include specialized cells of the conducting system and ________ cells.

A

contractile

58
Q

Increases in blood pressure are detected by:

A

baroreceptors.

59
Q

Which of the following would cause stroke volume to increase?
Answers:
when venous return is decreased

when ventricular contraction is reduced

when diastolic blood pressure is decreased

decrease in heart rate

All of the answers are correct.

A

when diastolic blood pressure is decreased

60
Q

Calculate the cardiac output of a patient with a heart rate of 100 beats/minute and a stroke volume of 75 ml.

A

7500 ml / min

61
Q

An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to

A

both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure.

62
Q

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.

A

oxygenated; left atrium

63
Q

The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as

A

total peripheral resistance.

64
Q

Which event occurs during ventricular systole?

A

closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves

65
Q

With each ventricular systole,
Answers:
blood pressure remains steady.

the ventricles fill with blood.

blood pressure decreases.

cardiac output decreases.

blood pressure increases.

A

blood pressure increases.

66
Q

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

A

Coagulation

67
Q

The muscle layer of the heart is the

A

myocardium.

68
Q

During ventricular systole, the
Answers:
atria are contracting.

blood is entering the ventricles.

AV valves are closed.

pressure in the ventricles remains constant.

pressure in the aorta remains constant.

A

AV valves are closed.

69
Q

During one cardiac cycle;

A

both atria contract at the same time.

70
Q

Which of the following would cause stroke volume to increase?

A

when diastolic blood pressure is decreased

71
Q

The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called

A

automaticity.

72
Q

The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

A

systolic ejection phase.

73
Q

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

A

the sinoatrial node.

74
Q

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except
Answers:

decreasing ejection fraction.

decreasing end systolic volume.

increasing stroke volume.

increasing ejection fraction.

increasing heart rate.

A

decreasing ejection fraction.

75
Q

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased
Answers:
cardiac output.

peripheral resistance.

blood volume.

parasympathetic innervation.

force of cardiac contraction.

A

parasympathetic innervation.

Human Phys LFS112 (12 decks)

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