Lesson 6: Bacteria

Question 1

prokaryotes

Answer 1

species with cells lacking membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

eukaryotes

Answer 2

membrane bound organelles

Question 3

domains

Answer 3

includes archaea, bacteria, eukarya

Question 4

domain archaea

Answer 4

kingdom arcaebacteria which are all prokaryotes

Question 5

domain bacteria

Answer 5

kingdom bacteria, the most abundant organisms on earth

Question 6

domain eukarya

Answer 6

includes kingdom plantae, fungi, Animalia, protists

Question 7

extremophiles

Answer 7

archaeabacteria that have persisted in environments that are often extremely acidic, hot or salty

Question 8

heterotrophic

Answer 8

most bacteria are heterotrophic, meaning that they derive their energy from organic molecules made by other organisms

Question 9

decomposers

Answer 9

heterotrophic bacteria are decomposers because they feed on dead organic matter and release nutrients locked in dead tissue

Question 10

autotrophic

Answer 10

bacteria that derive their energy from photosynthesis or the oxidation of inorganic molecules

Question 11

fission

Answer 11

asexual reproduction of bacteria. cell DNA replicates and pinches in half.

Question 12

conjugation

Answer 12

bacteria can exchange genetic material with other bacteria through this process which allows for diversity

Question 13

unicellularity (prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

Answer 13

all prokaryotes are single celled while eukaryotes are not

Question 14

cell size(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

Answer 14

bacterial cells are way smaller than eukaryotic cells

Question 15

chromosomes (prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

Answer 15

prokaryotic DNA is one circle while eukaryotic DNA is sorted into chromosomes

Question 16

cell division(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

Answer 16

bacteria use binary fission, eukaryotes use mitosis

Question 17

internal compartmentalization(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

Answer 17

bacteria have no internal membranes

Question 18

flagella(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

Answer 18

bacteria flagella are way more simplistic than eukaryotic flagella

Question 19

metabolic diversity(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

Answer 19

prokaryotes have many more metabolic abilities that eukaryotes do not

Question 20

pathogenic

Answer 20

bacteria that cause diseases

Question 21

gram stain

Answer 21

a technique to classify bacteria based on the different structural and chemical compositions of bacterial cell walls

Question 22

gram positive

Answer 22

have a thick cell wall that retains purple dye and is single membrane

Question 23

gram negative

Answer 23

double membrane, turns red

Question 24

nitrogen fixation

Answer 24

certain bacteria and cyanobacteria transform atmospheric nitrogen into other nitrogen compounds that can be used as nutrients by plants. this process uses an enzyme called nitrogenase, to take atmospheric oxygen and put it in liquid.

Question 25

nodules

Answer 25

a result of nitrogen fixing bacterium growing with the roots

Question 26

sensitivity plate

Answer 26

a Petri dish of solid medium that has been uniformly inoculated on its entire surface with a known bacterium or an unknown sample from an infected patient

Question 27

cyanobacteria

Answer 27

major group of photosynthetic bacteria that grow in many environments. contains chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin

Question 28

chlorophyll a

Answer 28

green pigment

Question 29

phycocyanin

Answer 29

blue accessory pigment

Question 30

phycoerythrin

Answer 30

red accessory pigment

Question 31

sheath

Answer 31

bacteria that grow as long filaments whose exterior is covered by a layer known as a sheath

Question 32

shape of bacteria that is long and rod shaped

Answer 32

bacillus

Question 33

spherical shape

Answer 33

coccus

Question 34

spiral shape

Answer 34

spirillum

Question 35

chemoautotroughs

Answer 35

an organism, typically a bacterium, which derives energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds. first form of life

Question 36

pathogenic bacteria is killed by

Answer 36

antibiotics

Question 37

bacteria are diploid or haploid

Answer 37

all haploid

Question 38

when both cells benefit from relationship with each other

Answer 38

mutualism

Question 39

IN MUTUALISM, where are the bacteria?

Answer 39

in the cells

Question 40

a Petri dish of solid medium that has been uniformly inoculated on its entire surface with a known bacterium or an unknown sample from an infected patient LOOK AT PAGE 260

Answer 40

sensitivity plate

Question 41

purpose of the sheath is?

Answer 41

protection

Question 42

do adjacent cells share a sheath?

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

bacteria make something as protection

Answer 43

make antibodies

Question 44

SPECIAL nitrogen fixing cell

Answer 44

heterocyst- found on cyanobacteria

Question 45

how to tell if a antibiotic is sucessfull

Answer 45

look at the sensitivity plate and figure out if it has a halo or no. no halo means not successful, halo means successful (not how large it is = more successful, that is only because of diffusion)

Question 46

cyanobacteria

Answer 46

are green (photosynthetic) - they have slime barrier so India ink can’t permeate - most produce slime for protection

Question 47

Colonial

Answer 47

- work together but can independently survive

Question 48

in mutualism, what does the bacteria benefit

Answer 48

gets nutrient from host

Question 49

in mutualism, what does the cell benefit

Answer 49

nitrogen supply from bacterium

Question 50

oil immersion theory

Answer 50

the 100x ;ens has diffraction so you use oil (same Optical density) to stop this

Question 51

how to do a gram stain

Answer 51

use crystal violet (or India ink), then grams iodine then remove with di water then use safranin-O