Lesson 1 and 2- stats and Microscope

Question 1

Compound microscope:

Answer 1

• has larger magnification (40x-1000x )
  to see bacteria, tissue ets
  Requires a slide
  Revolving nose piece that has different objective lenses
  Light source comes from the bottom and transmits light through the organism
  Top lens is called ocular lens
  Produces a 2D image

Question 2

Dissecting microscopes

Answer 2

usually for something you can see
Can use slides
Has a separate light source (you need to bring a lamp)
Lens points down at the image (A)

Low magnification: 7x-30x
Produces a 3D image (since what you are handling are usually organisms or something)
Uses reflected light for opaque images

Question 3

Stereoscopic

Answer 3

produces a 3D image

Question 4

Light microscope

Answer 4

Magnifies image to make it look larger than it actually is
Focuses image
is paragocal and and parcentered
*both compound and dissecting are light microscopes
result of magnification and focussing is an increase in resolution

Question 5

resolution

Answer 5

the ability to tell that two objects that are very close together are distinct objects rather than just one

Question 6

all light/ compound microscopes have a

Answer 6

Illumination system

Question 7

Illumination system

Answer 7

Light source
Condenser
Iris diaphragm

Question 8

Condenser (Illumination system

Answer 8

focuses light from the light source onto the specimen (thing at the bottom of the slide)

Question 9

Iris diaphragm (Illumination system

Answer 9

controls the amount of light. When its open, it is brighter and you loose contrast. Staining slides increase contract. When its closed, it gives more contrast.

Question 10

Imaging system

Answer 10

Oculars
objectives
stage

Question 11

Oculars (Imaging system)

Answer 11

can be monocular or binocular. (always provides 10x magnification), you can have either one ocular lens or two

Question 12

objectives (Imaging system)

Answer 12

has many different magnifications

Question 13

stage (Imaging system)

Answer 13

holds the microscope slide (you can clip it onto the stage)

should always be in the lowest setting

Question 14

what is the smallest magnification you can see

Answer 14

The smallest magnification we can see is 40x (since ocular is 10 and lens is 4)

Question 15

Total magnification

Answer 15

ocular magnification x objective magnification

Question 16

Field of view

Answer 16

area that you are viewing in microscope. When objective increases, the field of view decreases. This varies from microscope to microscope

Question 17

Stage micrometer

Answer 17

its a slide that is used as.as a ruler

Each of these hatch marks is etched at 0.01mm and 0.1 mm intervals (0.01 is the small ticks at the beginning)

Question 18

Area of the FOV

Answer 18

Use diameter to calculate area. A + pi r^2 = pi (d/2)^2

Question 19

how to calibrate the ocular micrometer

Answer 19

Stage micrometer can be used to calibrate the ocular micrometer

Question 20

ocular micrometer

Answer 20

helps you to look at an image under the microscope and count how many ticks it is if its microscopic. There are no units because it depends on the magnification

Question 21

callibrate ocular

Answer 21

line up with stage micrometer (known distance)
Count the stage lines and multiply it by 0.1 mm/ stage line
Divide this by the ocular units to get the answer
You might have to twist the ocular lens to calibrate it

Question 22

microorganisms

Answer 22

organisms that are not visible to the naked eye

Question 23

Research

Answer 23

answering a question using the scientific process.

Question 24

Wet mounts

Answer 24

slides prepared in a wet medium (can be alive)

Question 25

diagnosing

Answer 25

identify the nature of (an illness or other problem) by examination of the symptoms.

Question 26

parafocAL

Answer 26

is one which, if it is in focus with one objective, when the objective is rotated, will remain (mostly) in focus.

Question 27

paracentered

Answer 27

object in the center of view will remain in the center when the objective is rotated.

Question 28

calculate mean

Answer 28

add up all numbers and calculate averag

Question 29

median

Answer 29

middle number

Question 30

range

Answer 30

lowest to higher number and subtract

Question 31

standard deviation

Answer 31

do summation plus then take the button x with line on top, 2nd then square root x

Question 32

variance

Answer 32

s squared

Question 33

null hypothesis

Answer 33

states that nothing occured

Question 34

how to calculate the confidence interval

Answer 34

mu = x(with a line) +/- t(s/rootn) x(line) is sample mean n is sample size used to calculate s is standard deviation t value of student t

Question 35

what happens to confidence interval when sample size gets smaller

Answer 35

it gets larger since you are more unsure of the data

Question 36

bar graph

Answer 36

include the confidence intervals, axis labels with graph and everything

Question 37

write out the confidence interval eqn

Answer 37

mu = x(with a line) +/- t(s/rootn)

Question 38

write out a sample bar graph

Answer 38

ah

Question 39

write out a sample line graph

Answer 39

ah

Question 40

histogram

Answer 40

1) divide data into groups of equal size and covers all categories 2) create axis with categories 3) put data point in the frequency that the data goes into that category ex 6 times people chose cats 4) connect the line

Question 41

difference between histogram and bar graph

Answer 41

histogram shows what numbers occur the most and how they occur

Question 42

metric conversions??

Answer 42

go look up is prefix unit conversions real quick

Question 43

mean does not provide information about

Answer 43

RANGE, OUTLIERS, HOW DISTORTED DATA IS

Question 44

review the whole lab and the graphing

Answer 44

ok

Question 45

orientation in compound microscope

Answer 45

letters are flipped upside down the image moves in the opposite direction as you move the slide to the right t and left

Question 46

brightness

Answer 46

brightness decreases as you increase magnification

Question 47

to find how much more area you can see in FOV

Answer 47

divide larger field by smaller field

Question 48

always start with

Answer 48

slide in lowest position and lowest objective on

Question 49

depth of field

Answer 49

you can't see all things in focus at high magnification (ex threads)

Question 50

high power requires the most __

Answer 50

light

Question 51

dissecting microscope orientation

Answer 51

letter is facing the same way, image moves in the same direction that you move the slide

Question 52

dissecting vs compound microscopes

Answer 52

dissecting uses reflected illumination while compound use transmitted illumination

Question 53

go do some practice calculations from the powerpoint

Answer 53

PLEASE

Question 54

go to page 23 on lab manual and name the lab microscope parts

Answer 54

PLEAS

Question 55

Population

Answer 55

any set of individuals, objects or data

Question 56

Sample

Answer 56

a random observed subgroup of the population

Question 57

null hypothesis

Answer 57

state that nothing happened and then: | The observed difference in the means is due solely to change sampling variation.