4.1.1 Naming molecules ( + structures)

Question 1

what are the 3 classifications of a HC

Answer 1

1. Aliphatic= and line of a carbon chain, can be brached or unbranched or non-aromatic
2. Alicyclic= this is when we have a ring of C atoms which all have 2 hydrogens joint onto them
3. Aromatic= A ring of 6 carbons which all have only 1 H atom so as a result all the C atoms have a spare e- so they all form a benzene ring in which the e- can move between the C atoms

Question 2

name the 3 types aliphatic chains ( talk about bonds)

Answer 2

alkane if one covalent bond between all c-c
alkene if atleast one time there is a 2 covalent bond betwen a c-c
alkine if atleast one time there is a 3 covalent bond between a pair of c-c

Question 3

3 parts which make up the name for a HC and how do you find them

Answer 3

Prefix=  the alkyl (branched groups) and the number of the C they are on
Stem= longest C chain
Suffix= the functional group ( alchol, ketone and such)

Question 4

Name the first 10 C chains names, the name as a alkane and alkene and also as an alkyle

Answer 4

1- methane/ene,  or just and ayle at the end if alkyle
2- ethane/ene,
3- propane/ene,
4- butane/ene, 
5- pentane/ene, 
6- hexane/ene, 
7- heptane/ene
8- octane/ene
9- nonane/ene
10- decane/ene

Question 5

alkene= functional group, suffix
alkane= functional group, suffix
haloalkane= functional group, prefix
alchol= functional group, prefix, suffix
aldehyde= functional group, suffix
ketone= functional group, suffix
carboxilic acid= functional group, suffix

Answer 5

alkene-
c=c, -ene

alkane-
c-c, -ane

haloakane-
-cl -br -i, chloro- bromo- iodo-

alchol-
-oh, hydroxyl, -ol

aldehyde-
h-‘c=o, -al

ketone-
-c-(c=o)-c, -one

carboxylic acid-
-c-cooh, -oic acid

Question 6

What is a molecular formula

Answer 6

This is when we show all the atoms in the compound. But it doesnt show how they are all joined together

Question 7

Empirical formula

Answer 7

This is the simnplist whole number ratio of atoms in a compund.

Question 8

General formula of a alkane

Answer 8

Cn H2n+2

Question 9

General formula of a alkene

Answer 9

Cn H2n

Question 10

General formula of an alchol

Answer 10

Cn H2n+1 OH

Question 11

General formula of a carboxylic acid

Answer 11

Cn H2n O2

Question 12

General formula of a ketone

Answer 12

Cn H2n O

Question 13

Difference between a structual and displayed formula and show this using ethane

Answer 13

structual formula- only written down and do from one carbon and any functional groups on it an then the next carbon and carry on down the chain -> CH3CH3
Displayed formula- the atoms and their bonds in a given space
h h
‘ ‘
h-c-c-h
‘ ‘
h h

Question 14

What is a skeletal formula

Answer 14

the simplified compund of a hydrocarbon and is done via removing all H and C and replacing them with lines in a zig zag pattern

Question 15

rules for skeletal formula (7)

Answer 15

• a line is a bond between c-c
• each turn represents a carbon
• the ends represent -CH3
• if you have a methyl just put a straight line above the carbon chain at the right carbon
• a double line such as = means there is a double bond
• any functional groups just join on with a line
• if cyclic then put it as a ring