8.2 1815-1898 antebellum SpAm war

Question 1

gunboat diplomacy

Answer 1

post 1812 navy increased popularity after war, protects America’s commerce

Question 2

“The settlement has been dictated at the mouths of our cannons”

Answer 2

Commodore Stephen Decatur 2nd Barbary war

Question 3

Moncroe doctrine 1823

Answer 3

prevented european colonization and intervention in the americas. in return, US would not meddle with existing European colonies

Question 4

Primary mission of the Navy

Answer 4

“showing the flag”
“gunboat diplomacy”

Question 5

mex-american war causes

Answer 5

texas declared independence from mexico (1836)
texas became part of U.S. (1845)
border dispute w/ Mex. Neuces vs Rio Grande. Mex army ambush US 1846.
Mex-Am war 1846-1848

Question 6

Mex-Am war strategy

Answer 6

command of the sea. blockade and capture mex ports and cities, army/marines/navy in CA. EXAMPLE OF Guerre d’Escadre

Question 7

Mex-Am war key battles

Answer 7

veracruz (1847) ex of joint forces w/ Army Chapultec (1847) “Halls of Montezuma”

Question 8

Mex-Am war results

Answer 8

Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo, bicoastal nation, initial Navy growth, joint ops w/ Mexico, people lose interest in navy

Question 9

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

Answer 9

US gets CA, NM, UT, NV, AZ, and parts of CO and WY. RIO GRANDE established tex mex border

Question 10

Perry’s expedition to Japan 1853

Answer 10

president Fillmore desired to expand trade in Pacific, forceful diplomacy opened Japanese ports (Gunboat diplomacy)

Question 11

french gloire

Answer 11

wooden hull clad with iron armor . steam propulsion in addition to sails

Question 12

USS MONITOR

Answer 12

iron hull with screw type steam propulsion, able to sink wooden ships without taking damage. 2 dahlgren guns

Question 13

Significance of CDRE matthew perry’s Japanese expedition

Answer 13

1. Japan closed off to western world for centures.
2. president fillmore desired to expand trade in the Pacific
3. Forceful diplomacy opened Japanese ports (Gunboat diplomacy)

Question 14

Outcomes of Mex-Am War

Answer 14

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo (1848)
Rio Grande established Texas border
Western United States ceded from Mexico ($15mm), US gains CA, UT, NV, NM, AZ parts of CO and WY

Question 15

Two key advancements in Naval tech during the Antebellum period

Answer 15

New more deadly cannons (dalhgren Gun)
decline of saile rise of steam
wooden ships replaced with iron

Question 16

Civil War causes

Answer 16

Missouri Compromise (1820)
Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)
Dred scott case (1857) African American descent could not sue as American citizens
7 states seceded after Lincoln elected
1861 Confederate forces attacked ft. Sumter

Question 17

Union Naval strategy

Answer 17

anaconda plan, general winfield scott

Question 18

confederate strategy

Answer 18

win british aid
attrition warfare
guerre d’course
privateering

Question 19

three naval theaters

Answer 19

Blue Water Campaign confederate commerce raiders
atlantic and gulf coast campaign - hampton roads
inland rivers campaign - vicksburg

Question 20

CSS FLORIDA

Answer 20

ran union blockade, supplied mobile bay, alabama
captured 38 union vessels

Question 21

CSS ALABAMA

Answer 21

raided union commerce globally
captured 68 Union vessels
sunk at Cherbourg, France
duel with USS KEARSAGE

Question 22

CSS VIRGINIA

Answer 22

raised and refurbished USS MERIMACK
added iron armor and ram

Question 23

HAMPTON ROADS (1862)

Answer 23

CSS VIRGINIA vs USS MONITOR. tactical DRAW, strategic UNION victory, rotating turret changed naval warfare forever

Question 24

battle of mobile bay (1864)

Answer 24

Admiral David Glasgow Farragut. First admiral of US navy. torpedo buoys “damn the torpedos full speed ahead”

Question 25

battle of vicksburg

Answer 25

siege of vicksburg, joint navy-army venture to control Miss river. naval support: gunfire, troop transport, logistical reinforcement, Lincoln"the key to victory" Adm david porter (CONFEDERATE) vs GEN ulysses grant (UNION)

Question 26

CIVIL WAR CONCLUSION

Answer 26

North: victorious in the war & preserves the union, effective joint Navy-Army ventures, Offensive naval warfare South: southern infrastruture and society DESTROYED, commerce raiding had limited effectiveness

Question 27

technological innovations (civil war)

Answer 27

torpedos, rams, armor, submarine, CSS HUNLEY, first combat effective sub

Question 28

1865-1870 post civil war navy

Answer 28

decline of navy, 700 to 52 ships, isolationism due to priorities : reconstruction of south, north industrialization ,Navy mission reduced to coastal defense, protect maritime trade overseas

Question 29

naval tech advances late 19th century

Answer 29

first steel hulled warships, abcd cruiser, compartmentalization

Question 30

new gunnery

Answer 30

smokeless powder and cartridge shells

Question 31

first battleships built

Answer 31

heavily armored, large main battery (turret) with numerous guns of various size

Question 32

chief petty officer rank

Answer 32

april 1st 1893

Question 33

spanish-american causes

Answer 33

cuban revolution (1895-1898) spanish brutally suprressed Cuban rebels, US threatened to intervene USS MAINE explosion Feb 1898, sunk the ship and killed 268 sailors in havana harbor, american press blames spain. Apr 1898 war is declared

Question 34

spanish american strategy

Answer 34

spanish empire spans pacific and atlantic: cuba, puerto rico, phillipines, guam. Navy forced to fight in both oceans, but had technological and numerical advantage

Question 35

manila bay

Answer 35

spanish admiral montojo took squadron to subic bay only to discover commander needed 6 weeks to prepare. they tried to anchor in shallow waters because underprepared. Americans came and shelled them

Question 36

santiago de cuba

Answer 36

american blockade, spanish troops running low on fuel and coal. tried to make a break for it, but got destroyed and only 2 made it out in the early morning but then US caught up to one and the other was ran aground

Question 37

spanish american war: us empire established

Answer 37

"splendid little war" coaling stations (1898) Puerto rico Guam phillippines cuba (guantanamo bay) annexed: Hawaii wake island samoa

Question 38

What is an example of gunboat diplomacy?

Answer 38

Barbary war resolution primary mission of the navy during antebellum period (perry and Japan)

Question 39

Examples of joint navy-army operations

Answer 39

Veracruz, Vicksburg