8.6 1945-1991 cold war

Question 1

post war naval assets

Answer 1

rapid demobilization

Question 2

National security act of 1947

Answer 2

DoD as a cabinet level agency, secdef, air force established, joint chiefs of staff, CIA, national security council 1949 amendment sec def position strengthened

Question 3

revolt of admirals 1949

Answer 3

USN vs USAF roles & responsibilities, USAF asserted USN/USMC obsolete: new def sec cancelled $188m supercarrier. navy’s testimony ocurred 13 octo 1949

Question 4

evolving naval tech mid 20th century

Answer 4

1. prop aircraft to jet aircraft
2. decline of the naval gun, rise of the guided missile
3. invention of nuclear power & buildup of nuclear weapons
4. rudimentary to advanced RADAR

Question 5

USS NAUTILUS SSN 571

Answer 5

first nuclear powered sub commissioned 30 sep 1954

Question 6

navy SEALs established

Answer 6

president kennedy 1962

Question 7

mutual assured destruction (MAD)

Answer 7

US doctrine of reciprocal deterrence resting on the US and Soviet union. each being able to inflict destruction to the other in retaliation for a nuclear attack

Question 8

Proxy War

Answer 8

War fought between groups representing the interest of other larger powers

Question 9

containment

Answer 9

US policy to limit the spread of communism around the world

Question 10

yalta conference feb 1945

Answer 10

(a) free elections. People choose which type they want
(b) changes happen

Question 11

germany surrendered on what day

Answer 11

8 May 1945

Question 12

Potsdam Conference (Jul-Aug 1945)

Answer 12

germany divided into occupation zones
Japan threatened with prompt and utter destruction
Federal republic of (West) Germany
Berlin (inside East germany) split into occupation zones
communist control of eastern europe
“puppet” states dominated by soviets

Question 13

NATO

Answer 13

est 1949
US and allies Treaty
Goals:
1. further treaty principles
2. contribute to North atlantic area security
3. promote democratic values
4. build trust
5. pervent conflict

Question 14

warsaw pact

Answer 14

est 1955
“Treaty of friendship” between communist satellite states and USSR
GOAL: counter NATO and provide collective defense

Question 15

Truman doctrine

Answer 15

american commitment to economically and militarily support any free people threatened by internal or external subjugation by armed minorities

Question 16

navy 6th fleet est

Answer 16

Navy forward deployed symbol of american power

Question 17

“i believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure”

Answer 17

Harry S. truman on the Truman doctrine

Question 18

rising communist threat

Answer 18

controversial ussr actions:
solidified wartime conquests
supported communist fighters & political leaders
applied diplomatic and military pressure on non-communist parties
provided communist aid to comm figthers

Question 19

the cold war

Answer 19

1945-1991
global confrontation
communism vs capitalism
series of Proxy wars
rise of comm nations:
1. People’s republic of China PRC
2. North Korea
3. vietnam

Question 20

civil war and communism and communism in china

Answer 20

REP OF CHINA (ROC) and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) fought from 1927-1949, interlude of 1937-1945 due to JPN invasion
PRC (People’s republic of china) est in 1949 drives ROC to Taiwan

Question 21

Cold war: korea

Answer 21

invasion of republic of korea : 25 JUN 1950 supported by PRC & USSR
US forces directed to aid south korea & UN
7TH FLEET tasked to prevent war from spreading.show of force around taiwan, routine patrols discourage soviets and PRC, SEA CONTROL

Question 22

operation chromite

Answer 22

successful amphibious landing was result of accurate naval intelligence
naval surface fire support (NSFS) softened enemy defensive positions
Seoul captured within one week

Question 23

Frozen Chosin nov 1950

Answer 23

marines broke thru encircling chinese forces
naval aviation instrumental n covering withdrawal

Question 24

1st and 2nd taiwan strait causes

Answer 24

1954: armed conflict between ROC and PRC - US threatens use of nuclear force, and w/out USSR support PRC backs down
1958: PRC shells ROC again - US navy deploys 6 carrier task groups
-performed escort duties in south china seas
-7th fleet deployed
- US action deters communist invasion of taiwan

Question 25

cuban missile crisis feb 1962

Answer 25

naval forces "quarantine" CUBA - premier khruschev ultimatium to Kennedy - US take nuclear sites out of turkey and russia willl out of cuba

Question 26

Discuss major US Navy contributions to the Korean War

Answer 26

Inchon: Successful amphibious landing was result of accurate Naval Intelligence Naval Surface Fire Support (N.S.F.S.) softened enemy defensive positions Chosin: US Navy Amphibious Task Force 90 withdrew 200,000 troops and refugees (Dec 1950)

Question 27

Describe the US policy of “containment”

Answer 27

U.S.’s geopolitical containment of the Soviet Union and spread of communism

Question 28

cold war: vietnam

Answer 28

1959, TONKIN GULF spurred Naval involvement: USS MADDOX DD 731 & USS TURNER JOY DD 951 attacked in aug 1964

Question 29

major navy operations: vietnam

Answer 29

rolling thunder (1965-1968) starlite (1965) market time (1965-1972) Game warden (1965-1973)

Question 30

naval strategies in vietnam

Answer 30

SEALORDS(southeast asia lake, ocean, river, delta strategy) - instituted by VADMA elmo zumwalt jr - similar to Anaconda plan -mine warfare& blockades - prevent chinese and soviet involvement -enabled US withdrawal

Question 31

naval contributions to vietnam

Answer 31

strategic bombing top gun red crown search and rescue

Question 32

strategic bombing

Answer 32

1) The Seventh Fleet aircraft carriers of Task Force 77 played a major role in U.S. bombing operations when the war began in earnest in 1965. The Rolling Thunder, Linebacker, and other campaigns involved the bombing of enemy power plants, fuel and supply facilities, highway and railroad bridges, and rail lines in North Vietnam and Laos. U.S. and allied fleet covered over 1,200 miles of coastline

Question 33

top gun

Answer 33

fighter weapons school imrpoved quality of dog fights and improved it to 12 to 1n early 1970s NAS miramar

Question 34

red crown

Answer 34

navy position ships equipped with advanced RADAR AND TRACKING of approaching enemy The warship, called “Red Crown” was responsible for tracking aircraft flying over the Gulf of Tonkin and North Vietnam, warning the fleet of approaching MiG interceptors. The “Red Crown” ship was responsible for establishing a Positive Identification Radar Advisory Zone (PIRAZ)

Question 35

search and rescue

Answer 35

(1) Helicopters and fixed wing aircraft operating from Seventh Fleet ships executed SAR missions that saved hundreds of U.S. aviators whose aircraft went down in North Vietnam, Laos, or at sea

Question 36

end of vietnam war

Answer 36

end of military ops: 29 march 1973 fall of saigon: 30 apr 1975 Resulted in: aged ww2 fleet - low morale - war unpopular at home - "vietnam syndrome"

Question 37

1970s decades of headwinds

Answer 37

domestic disunity over vietnam watergate 1974 energy crises 1973, 1979 - PACING SOVIET threat

Question 38

a changing navy

Answer 38

MCPON delbert black - VADM ZUMWALT - "z grams" became navy wide directives - full integration into naval service for minorities -increased recruitment and retentions - eliminated everyday discrimination "there is no black navy, there is no white navy- just one navy-the united states navy"

Question 39

1970s a reduction in str

Answer 39

Carter Administration: - inherited a reduced naval force -did not support expansion of "one ocean Navy" -emphasis placed on protection of SLOCs - support US commitments to EURO only - Strategic arms limitation talks (SALT) I and II conferences

Question 40

1970s: balance in power shift

Answer 40

soviet russia: -took advantage of US post-vietnam entrenchment - threatened US interst overseas - threaten us control of seas -conducted Okean '75 - invasion of afghanistan 1979 1980s

Question 41

1980s US naval resurgence

Answer 41

600 ship Navy -"peace thru str" diplomacy -dramatically inc size -USS OHIO SSBN 726 commissioned in 1981 -NIMITZ class carriers and LOS ANGELES class sub production -improvemnts to tech and weapons - show of force pacific exercise: 1989

Question 42

soviet union falls

Answer 42

causes: inability to keep up in arms race - non-russian groups resisted assimilation, Afghanistan - failed reforms - Berlin Wall torn down 9 NOV 1989 -WARSAW PACT DISSOLUTION 31 MAR 1991 USSR officially dissolved 25 DEC 1991

Question 43

Describe a change to Naval Policy instituted under ADM Zumwalt

Answer 43

Full integration into naval service for minorities Increased recruitment and retention Eliminated everyday discrimination Project 60; High-Low Mix Shift to all-volunteer force

Question 44

Name three significant advances in Naval Technology in the second half of the 20th century

Answer 44

Nuclear Power Jet Aircraft Missiles RADAR Advances