Quiz 2

Question 1

Charges of the first accusers

Answer 1

1. Socrates searches into things under the earth and in the heavens (impiety)
2. Socrates makes the weaker argument defeat the stronger
3. Socrates teaches these doctrines to others

Question 2

Charges of the 2nd accusers

Answer 2

1. Socrates corrupts the youth
2. Socrates does not believe in the gods of the state
3. Socrates has other divinities of his own

Question 3

Socrates’ response to charge of corrupting the youth

Answer 3

• Horse analogy : wants them to conclude that it is unreasonable to think that he alone corrupts the youth AND that meletus is thoughtless/ ignorant
  Meletus says that socrates intentionally corrupts the youth
• Intention to corrupt the youth:
  —–Socrates’ premises: if I (1) intentionally corrupt the youth, I intentionally run the risk of being harmed by them; (2) I would not intentionally run the risk of being harmed by the youth.
  —–Socrates’ conclusion: (1) I do not intentionally corrupt the youth; (2) either I don’t corrupt the youth or I corrupt them unintentionally

Question 4

Socrates’ response to impiety charges: (2 & 3)

Answer 4

Meletus says Socrates is an atheist (believes in no gods)
CONTRADICTION with charge 3
- All socrates does is point out his contradiction (does not deny it)
Socrates describes his values and is most concerned with doing the right thing (counter-cultural)

Question 5

Why did Socrates not hold public office?

Answer 5

1. The voice/ oracle (tells him what NOT to do)
2. He would perish
   (nothing morally necessary about holding public office)

Question 6

Why wont Socrates bring his family into the court?

Answer 6

Socrates says that the accused have a duty to rationally convince and inform the judges
NOT to beg

Question 7

What counter-penalty does Socrates propose?

Answer 7

1. Maintenance in the Prytaneum (like city hall)
2. A fine, his friends will chip in
   - More people voted for death penalty than the # of people who voted for conviction in the first place (mad about Prytaneum)

Question 8

Socrates’ 2 hypotheses about death

Answer 8

1. Nothingness - like a dreamless sleep

2. Change of place for the soul

Question 9

What does Socrates mean by “evil runs faster than death”?

Answer 9

He is optimistic

• he has been caught by the slower one
• Could have avoided punishment or death by being evil because it’s easier to be caught by it

Question 10

What is Socrates’ favor that he asks for his sons?

Answer 10

For the listeners to be the gadfly for them (if they care more about riches than virtue)

Question 11

Numerical identity

Answer 11

2 or more apparently different things are numerically identical if they are the same individual

Ex: Morningstar = Venus, Eveningstar = Venus

Question 12

Qualitative identity

Answer 12

2 or more things are qualitatively identical if they have the same qualities or characteristics

Ex: 2 expo markers

Question 13

Continuity

Answer 13

2 or more things are continuous if one of those things provides the primary causal conditions for the existence and character of another of those things

Question 14

Mind-Body Problem

Answer 14

what precisely are the mind and the body, and how are they related to each other?

Question 15

Dualistic solution theories

Answer 15

the mind and body are 2 different substances
- The mind is conscious, nonspatial, and private
- The body is unconscious, spatial, and public
Interactionism
Parallelism
Epiphenomenalism

Question 16

Interactionism

Answer 16

mind and body causally interact in the sense that mental events can cause physical events and physical events can cause mental events

Question 17

Parallelism

Answer 17

pre-established harmony exists between mental and physical events so that they run in parallel

• Mind and body appear to interact, but do not
• A physical event occurs, and parallel to that event, but uncaused by it, a mental event occurs

Question 18

Epiphenomenalism

Answer 18

Mental events are byproducts of physical events

- Physical events cause mental events, but mental events cannot cause physical events

Question 19

Monistic solution theories

Answer 19

deny that the mind and body are 2 different substances
Materialism
Identity theory
Idealism
Double-aspect theory
Neutral monism

Question 20

Materialism

Answer 20

sometimes holds that so-called mental events are not different from physical events
- There is no such thing as a mental substance above and beyond the physical

Question 21

Identity theory

Answer 21

mental events are identical with brain processes in much the same way as lightning flashes are identical with electrical charges

Question 22

Idealism

Answer 22

attempts to reduce matter to mind

Question 23

Double-aspect theory

Answer 23

instead of thinking of mind and body (matter) as things or substances, we should think of them as qualities, characteristics, or aspects

Question 24

Neutral monism

Answer 24

the view that what exists is neither mental nor physical the view that what exists is neither mental nor physical but neutral with respect to these distinctions (mind and body)

Question 25

“Human being”

Answer 25

refers to a biological species, to which we happen to belong

Question 26

“Person”

Answer 26

not a biological concept