Condition- Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
List the three types of cardiomyopathies
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopahy (HOCM)
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/289/776/524/a_image_thumb.png?1570722132)
Desrcibe the pathophysiology behind dilational cardiomyopathy
Dilated flabby heart, heart muscles stretch and weaken
Impairment of contractility (SYSTOLIC function)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/289/776/892/a_image_thumb.png?1570722296)
Describe the pathophysiology behind hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Cardiac muscle thickens.
Impairment of compliance (DIASTOLIC function)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/289/777/045/a_image_thumb.png?1570722476)
Describe the pathophysiology behind restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiac cells become replaced with abnormal cells (scar tissue) –> walls of ventricles are stiff
Impairment of compliance (DIASTOLIC function)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/289/777/123/a_image_thumb.png?1570722451)
State some risk factors for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Post-viral myocarditis
- Alcohol
- Drugs (e.g. doxorubicin, cocaine)
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Haemochromatosis
- Peripartum or postpartum
- Hypertension
- Familial
- Autoimmune
- Congenital (x linked)
State some risk factors for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Up to 50% are genetic- AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
State some risk factors for developing restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Amyloidosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Haemochromatosis
- Scleroderma
- Loffler’s eosinophilic endocarditis
- Endomyocardial fibrosis
Which of the three types of cardiomyopathy are most common and which is the most rare?
Hypertrophic and Dilates cardiomyopathy prevalence is 0.05-0.2%
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is even rarer
What are the presenting symptoms of someone with the different cardiomyopathies?
Dilated
- Symptoms of heart failure – fatigue, dyspnoea
- Arrhythmias
- Thromboembolism
- Family history of sudden death
Hypertrophic
- Usually NO SYMPTOMS
- Exertional Syncope
- Exertional Angina
- Arrhythmias
- Dyspnoea
- Palpitations
- Family history of sudden death
Restrictive – similar to constrictive pericarditis
- Dyspnoea
- Fatigue
- Arrhythmias
- Ankle or abdominal swelling
- Family history of sudden death
State some of the signs of dilated cardiomyopathy
- Raised JVP
- Displaced apex beat
- Function mitral and tricupid regurg
- Third heart sound
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Pleural effusion
- Oedema
- Jaundice
- Hepatomegaly
- Ascites
- AF
State some of the signs of hypertropic cardiomyopathy
- Jery carotid pulse
- Double apex beat
- Ejection systolic murmur
- Systolic thrill at lowe left sternal angle
State some of the signs of someone with restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Raised JVP
- Kussmaul Sign - paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration due to restricted filling of the ventricles
- Palpable apex beat
- Third heart sound
- Ascites
- Ankle oedema
- Hepatomegaly
What can you do to increase the amplitude of the ejection-systolic murmur heard in hypertrophic myopathies?
Valsalva maneouvr/ stand up
This decrease venous return –> decreased preload –> less blood stretching out ventricle –> obstruction is larger –> murmur increases???