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OTC > sun induced skin disorders, wound care > Flashcards

sun induced skin disorders, wound care Flashcards

1
Q

UVA

A

involved in premature aging, skin cancer; responsible for photosensitivity reaction

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2
Q

UVB

A

‘sunburn radiation’ primary inducer of skin cancer; synthesis of vitamin D3; also contributes to wrinkles and premature aging

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3
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common type; often aggressive/invasive disorder of epidermis and dermis; rarely metastasizes

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4
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

2nd most common; found in epithelial keratinocytes; grows slowly

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5
Q

melanoma

A

not most common but most deadly; most come from normal skin (30% from moles)

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6
Q

self examination for melanoma

A

asymmetry, border (irregular or poorly defined), color, diameter (larger than 6 mm)

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7
Q

minimal erythema dose (MED)

A

minimum UVR dose that produces clearly emarginated erythema in the irradiated site, given as a single exposure

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8
Q

SPF

A

ratio of time to burn compared to unprotected skin

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9
Q

SPF derived by

A

dividing MED on protected skin by MED on unprotected

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10
Q

SPF 2-14

A
  • only protect against UVB
  • must be labeled as broad spectrum if pass UVA testing
  • must contain warning about skin cancer and aging
  • can only claim to help prevent sunburn
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11
Q

SPF 15 and higher

A
  • can be labeled as broad spectrum if they pass the UVA and UVB testing
  • can claim to reduce risk of skin cancer and early skin aging
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12
Q

FDA prohibits certain terminology for sunsreen

A

sunblock, waterproof, sweatproof, or all day protection

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13
Q

labeling rules for water resistance

A

must put number of minutes that product has been tested to be water resistant in

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14
Q

sunscreen moa (chemical)

A
  1. absorbs UVR
  2. must be applied 15-30 min before sun exposure
  3. should not be applied to infants < 6 months
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15
Q

sunscreen moa (physical)

A
  1. scatters/reflects UVR
  2. protects against all wavelengths
  3. applied right before sun exposure
  4. preferred
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16
Q

amount of sunscreen on

  1. face and neck
  2. arms and shoulders
  3. torso
  4. legs and tops of feet
A

1) 1/2 tsp
2) 1/2 tsp for both side of body
3) 1/2 tsp each for front and back side
4) 1 tsp to each side

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17
Q

reapply sunscreen…

A

after swimming, sweating, toweling, and every two hours

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18
Q

exclusions for self treatment of minor burns and sunburn

A
  1. burn to BSA of 2% or more
  2. burns involving ears, eyes, face, hands, feet, or perineum
  3. chemical burns
  4. electrical or inhalation burns
  5. persons of advanced ages
  6. patients with diabetes or multiple medical disorders
  7. immunocompromised
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19
Q

non pharm treatment of sunburn and minor burn

A
  • can be used in treatment of stage 1 and 2 to relieve pain, prevent contamination, and promote healing
  • get out of sun or remove source of heat immediately
  • wash area with cool water for at leas 10 minutes immediately after
  • cool tap water 3-6 times daily for 15-30 minutes
20
Q

pharm treatment of sunburn and minor burns

A
  • topical skin protectants
  • systemic analgesics
  • topical anesthetics
  • aloe products
21
Q

topical skin protectants

A

allantoin, cocoa butter, white petrolatum, petrolatum, shark liver oil

22
Q

stage I wound depth

A

reddened, unbroken skin

23
Q

stage II wound depth

A

blister or partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and part of dermis

24
Q

stage III wound depth

A

full-thickness skin loss; damage may be down to subq tissue; refer

25
Q

stage IV wound depth

A

stage III with underlying muscle, tendon, an bone involvement; refer

26
Q

self treatment exclusions for minor wound

A
  1. wounds containing foreign matter after irrigation
  2. chronic wounds
  3. wound from bite
  4. wounds with infection
  5. wounds involving face, mucous membrane or genitalia
  6. deep, acute wound
  7. patients w diabetes
27
Q

initial treatment for wounds

A
  • wound irrigants

- antiseptics

28
Q

antiseptic examples

A
  • hydrogen peroxide
  • ethyl alcohol
  • isopropyl alcohol
  • iodine
  • betadine
  • camphorated phenol
  • chlorhexidine gluconate
29
Q

hydrogen peroxide

A
  • little benefit over soapy water
  • do not use in abscesses and wounds should be dried before dressings are applied
  • enzymatic release of oxygen
30
Q

ethyl alcohol

A
  • good bactericidal activity
  • may cause tissue irritation and skin dehydration
  • apply bandage after dried
31
Q

isopropyl alcohol

A
  • stronger bactericidal activity than ethyl
  • may have cytotoxic effects on open skin
  • flammable
32
Q

iodine

A
  • broad antimicrobial spectrum
  • do not apply bandage
  • will stain skin, irritate tissue, and may cause allergic reactions
33
Q

betadine

A
  • rapid bactericidal activity
  • not irritating
  • absorbed systemically when on open wounds
34
Q

camphorated phenol

A
  • high concentrations of phenol
  • apply to dry skin only
  • do not apply bandage
35
Q

first aid antibiotics

A

apply up to three times daily; especially beneficial if wound contains debris or foreign matter; prevent infection

36
Q

examples of first aid antibiotics

A

bacitracin, Neomycin, polymyxin B sulfate

37
Q

bacitracin

A

inhibits cell-wall synthesis in gram-positive organisms; minimal absorption with topical administration;

38
Q

neomycin

A

inhibit protein synthesis in gram-negative organisms and some staphylococcal species; highest risk of sensitivity

39
Q

polymyxin b sulfate

A

alters cell wall permeability of gram-negative organisms

40
Q

Neosporin

A

bacitracin, polymyxin b, neomycin

41
Q

Neosporin + pain relief

A

polymyxin B, neomycin, pramoxine

42
Q

polysporin

A

polymyxin B, bacitracin

43
Q

antimicrobial dressing

A

decrease bacterial load within wound bed

44
Q

nonadherent dressing

A

do not stick to wounds, pose little risk in removing newly formed tissue

45
Q

primary dressing

A

placed directly on wound surface, can absorb oozing and provide protection and support for wound during healing

46
Q

secondary dressing

A

placed over primary dressings, provide additional absorption, protection and compression

OTC (22 decks)

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