Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System Overview

A 
Consists of:
Skin
Hair, nails, glands
Sense Receptors (nervous)
Muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skin Layers

A

1- Epidermis
2- Dermis
3- Below skin = hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epidermis

A
  • Upper Layer
  • Stratified Squamous epithelium
  • Avascular
  • 4-5 Sub-layers based on cell types:
    1) Stratum Basale
    2) Stratum Spinosum
    3) Stratum Granulosum
    4) Stratum Lucidum
    5) Stratum Corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stratum Basale

A
  • Single row of cells
  • 2 cell types:
    1) Keratinocytes (90%)
  • Undergo mitosis
  • Make keratin (tough protein)
  • Migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale
    2) Melanocytes (10%)
  • Produce pigment (melanin) for uv light protection (e.g. sunburn, wrinkles and cancer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Limited cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Contains dark staining granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A
  • Flat, dead cells (too far from blood supply)

- Visible ONLY in thick skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stratum Corneum

A
  • 20-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin (tough protein), surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid (prevents water loss)
  • Shed and replaced from below
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dermis

A
  • Contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
  • 2 sub-layers:
    1) Papillary Layer
    2) Reticular Layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Papillary Layer

A
  • Sub-layer of dermis
  • Beneath epidermis
  • Areolar CT
  • Vascular
  • Has projection into epidermis = dermal papillae (in thick skin these form dermal ridges = fingerprints)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reticular Layer

A
  • Sub-layer of dermis
  • Most of dermis
  • Dense irregular CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • NOT part of the skin
  • = subcutaneous layer
  • = superficial fascia ( Fascia = CT layers that surround and support organs)
  • Adipose CT below skin (stores 1/2 of body’s adipose tissue (insulation))
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thin Skin Characteristics

A
  • Lucidum not apparent

- Has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, arrestor pili muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thick Skin Characteristics

A
  • Found on the palm of the hand and sole of the foot
  • Lucidum visible (thin clear layer of dead skin cells)
  • no hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or arrestor pili muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epidermal Derivatives

A
  • All derived (formed) from the epidermis
  • Includes:
    1) Hair
    2) Nails
    3) Skin Exocrine Glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hair

A
  • Epidermal Derivate
  • All dead cells
  • Parts:
    1) Root = dead cells below the surface
    2) Shaft = above the skin
    3) Hair Follicle
17
Q

Hair Follicle

A
  • surrounds root
  • Epithelial root sheath = several epidermal layers extend into the dermis
  • Bulb = expanded region at base of root
  • Matrix = single layer of cells (from basal cells) - site of hair growth and melanin for hair colour
  • Outer CT sheath -> holds follicle in place (formed from the dermis)
  • Hair papilla - extends upward beneath matrix (blood supply / formed from dermis)
  • Root hair plexus - free nerve ending (touch)
  • Sebaceous (oil) gland - opens into follicle
  • Arrestor pili muscle (smooth muscle) - causes “shivers”
18
Q

Nails

A
  • Very heavily keratinized epidermal cells
  • Consists of:
    1) Nail root (buried in skin)
    2) Body (visible portion)
    3) Free edge
19
Q

Skin Exocrine Glands

A

1) Sebaceous Glands
2) Sudoriferous Glands
3) Ceruminous Glands
4) Mammary Glands

20
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A
  • Connected mainly to hair follicles
  • Secretes sebum (oily - mix of fats, salts, proteins) which softens, lubricates hair and skin, prevents dying out, antibiotic
21
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A
  • Sweat glands
  • Secretory portions in dermis of thick and thin skin
  • Ducts open into skin surface
  • Act to:
    1) Cool the body
    2) Antibiotic (acidic)
    3) Remove wastes (ures, etc.)
22
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A
  • Modified sweat glands
  • In ear canal
  • Produce ear wax - preventa insects etc from entering
23
Q

Mammary Glands

A
  • Modified sweat glands

- Produce milk

24
Q

Cutaneous Sense Receptors

A
  • Receptor = Sensory neuron (part of NS)
  • Specialized cel that responds to stimuli (touch, temp., pain)
  • 4 major types:
    1) Touch Receptors
    2) Pressure Receptors
    3) Thermoreceptors
    4) Nociceptors
25
Q

Touch Receptor

A
  • Cutaneous sense receptor
    -Free nerve endings -> In epidermis
    -Root Hair Plexuses
    -Meissner’s Corpuscles (in dermal papillae
    Carpuscle = connective tissue capsule surrounding nerve ending
26
Q

Pressure Receptors

A
  • Free nerve endings in dermis

- Pacinian Corpuscles deep in dermis or hyodermis

27
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Free nerve endings for temperature

28
Q

Nociceptors

A
  • Free nerve endings for pain

- Third degree burns = no pain because nociceptors destroyed

Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions