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Unit 2 > EEI 10/10a Stim I > Flashcards

EEI 10/10a Stim I Flashcards

1
Q

define electricity

A

a form of energy and it can produce significant effects on biological tissues

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2
Q

Electric Charge

A
  • fundamental physical property
  • operationally defined
  • can never see a charge, but can see through experiementation how it is manifested
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3
Q

Uses of electrical stimulation

A
  1. Neuromuscular dysfunction (NMES/FES)
  2. Pain (TENS)
  3. Wound/Tissue Healing (HVPC)
  4. Delivery of Pharma Agents (Iontophoresis)
  5. Electric Muscle Stim (EMS)
  6. Edema Management
  7. Evaluate nerve and muscle injury (NCV)
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4
Q

Types of electrical currents

A
  1. Direct Current
  2. Alternating Current
  3. Pulsatile Current
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5
Q

Usage of electrical current

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Motor
  3. Noxious
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6
Q

Direct Current

A

uninterrupted flow of charged particles

continuous flow from negative to positive

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7
Q

Alternating Current

A

Positive to negative repetitively, no breaks in between waves

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8
Q

Pulsatile current

A

space between pulses

monophasic or biphasic

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9
Q

Charge

A
  • Q (coulombs - C)
  • 1 coulomb is 6.24 x 10^18 electrons
  • clinically, metals carry charge
  • provide a charge and it changes the polarity of muscles to transmit the current
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10
Q

Current

A
  • I (amperes - A - milliamps 10^-3)
  • movement of charged particles through a conductor in respones to an applied electric field
  • flows in path of least resistance
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11
Q

Current flowing through an incision

A

leads to electrical burn because flows through path of least resistance

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12
Q

current flow between two electrodes that are close to each other

A

Burn

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13
Q

Current flow with dry skin or dry electrodes

A

less water content

more resistance, may have to jack up stim, but would be dangerous to pt if there are any abrupt changes

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14
Q

current flow with lotion of or oily skin

A

less water content

more resistance

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15
Q

Voltage

A
  • V (V - Volts)
  • amount of flow able to be stimulated
  • potential difference or electromotive force that makes charged particles move
  • typically in milli and micro
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16
Q

Resistance

A
  • R (Ohms)
  • DC Current
  • Opposition to Current
  • dependent on length and cross sectional area
  • resistors in series = skin and fat
  • resistors in parallel = nerve, muscle, and bone
17
Q

Impedence

A

-Z (ohms)

18
Q

Capacitance

A

C (Farads)

19
Q

You are working with a patient and using NMES to strengthen their quadriceps in the early post-operative period after ACL reconstruction. You are at 100V, but the measured electrode/tissue impedance using 2.75x5 inch electrodes is 4.467 kΩ. What is the actual current that is reaching the peripheral nerves that innervate the quadriceps?

A

V = IR -> I = V/R = 20mA

20
Q

what happens if there is a drop in impedance with a constant voltage device?

A

there is a change in resistance, the current jumps and increases

21
Q

what happens if there is a drop in impedence with a constant current device

A

there is a change in the resistance, thus the voltage drops significantly

22
Q

instances when resistance may change?

A
  • abrasion
  • sweat
  • dry skin
  • oily skin
23
Q

iontophoresis

A

direct current stim

  • dexamethazone has negative polarity and is put under a negative electrode
  • the molecules get pushed to the other side
  • poor evidence
24
Q

normal use of stim

A

sensory, but used for both motor and noxious as well

25
Q

stim applied in excess leads to

A
  1. blistering
  2. chemical burns
  3. basic reaction is more caustic to skin
26
Q

black electrode

A

cathode

negatively charged and attracts postive

27
Q

red electrode

A

anode

positively charged and attracts negative

28
Q

contraindications for stim

A
  1. cardiac problems, pacemakers, ICDs
  2. electronic devices
  3. carotid sinus
  4. larynx
  5. pregnancy
  6. broken/damaged skin
  7. DVT
  8. CA
  9. neck/head seizures
  10. chest
  11. on or near eyes
29
Q

precautions of stim

A
  1. open skin lesions
  2. skin conditions
  3. open epiphysis
  4. mental status
  5. reduced sensation
  6. allergies
  7. metal implants
  8. cognitive/communication impairment
30
Q

electrotherapeutic terminology circuit

A
  1. Bipolar setup
  2. Quadripolar setup (pulsatile)
  3. Unipolar setup

Unit 2 (31 decks)

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