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Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health > Carbohydrate, fat and protein > Flashcards

Carbohydrate, fat and protein Flashcards

1
Q

Carbs

- composition

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
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2
Q

Carbs

- general formula

A

(CH2O)n

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3
Q

Types of carbs

A
  • Monosaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
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4
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Basic unit of carbohydrates

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5
Q

Oligosaccharides

A

2 - 10 sugars bonded chemically

(disaccharides most common) - sucrose

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6
Q

Polysaccharides

A

3 to thousands of sugars linked together

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7
Q

Monosaccharides

- Types

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
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8
Q

Glucose

A

Blood sugar

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9
Q

Fructose

A

fruit sugar (sweet tasting sugar)

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10
Q

Galactose

A

Does not exist free in nature

-High Glycaemic index

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11
Q

Disaccharides

A
  • Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
  • Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
  • Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
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12
Q

Lactose

A
  • Least sweet sugar

- Milk

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13
Q

Sucrose

A
  • Most common sugar
  • Honey, cane sugar
  • maple syrup
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14
Q

Maltose

A

Beer, breakfast cereal

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15
Q

Plant polysaccharides

A
  • Starch

- Fibre

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16
Q

Starch

A
  • 80-90% of all polysaccharides we eat
  • Lower glycaemic index
  • Most important source of carbs (AKA complex carbs) - Amylose, amylopectin
  • Found in seeds, corn, grains of cereal etc.
17
Q

Fibre

A
  • Non-starch, structural polysaccharide

- Found in legumes, some fruits, juices and certain veg

18
Q

Role of CHO

A
  • Energy source
  • Catabolism of blood glucose and glycogen from liver and muscles fuels muscle contraction
  • Fuel for the central nervous system
19
Q

Lipids

- Structure

A

Same structural components as carbohydrates

20
Q

Hydrogen to oxygen ratio

A

High

21
Q

Types of Lipids

A
  • Simple
  • Compound
  • Derived
22
Q

Simple lipids

- Most common

A

Triacylglycerols

  • Made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
  • Main form of fat in adipocytes
  • One of the most important forms of dietary fat
23
Q

Fat energy density

A

Fat is energy-dense, get more energy from 1g of fat than 1g of carbs

24
Q

Types of fatty acid

A
  • Saturated

- Unsaturated

25
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

Only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

26
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

one or more double bonds along their main carbon chain

27
Q

What are compound lipids

A

Triacyglycerol components combined with other chemicals

28
Q

What are derived lipids

A

Substances derived from simple and compound lipids

29
Q

Example of derived lipid

A

Cholestral

30
Q

Cholestral

A
  • Classified as lipid
  • Both Exogenous and endogenous
  • Builds plasma membranes
  • Synthesises vitamins, hormones and bile
  • High levels are predictor of coronary artery disease
31
Q

Role of fat in the body

A
  • Energy source and reserve
  • Structural ( membranes)
  • Protection of vital organs
  • Thermal insulation
  • Vitamin carrier
  • Hunger depresser
32
Q

What do proteins contain

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Amino acids - Amine group, organic acid group, R group or sidechain
33
Q

Recommended dietary protein intake

A

15% of total energy intake

34
Q

When increase protein intake

A
  • Infants and growing children

- Vegetarians

35
Q

Role of protein in the body

A

Amino acids are major building blocks for synthesising tissue

36
Q

what does protein act as in the body

A
  • Enzyme
  • Hormone
  • Structural
  • Muscle protein
  • Energy source
37
Q

How does protein act as an energy source in the body

A

It is converted to glucose in the liver to provide energy for the brain when CHO intake is low

Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health (24 decks)

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