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Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health > Love your kidneys > Flashcards

Love your kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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2
Q

Summary of renal functions

A
  • Regulation of ECF volume and composition
  • Elimination of endogenous waste products
  • Kidneys eliminate foreign substances
  • Kidneys have endocrine functions
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3
Q

What is the most important function of the kidney

A

homeostatic maintenance of ECF volume and composition

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4
Q

Why is water balance crucial

A

It is the solvent of ICF and ECF

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5
Q

What else does the kidney regulate

A

The electrolyte composition of the ECF

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6
Q

Failure to eliminate waste products

A

Can cause serious disease and even death if no interventions are made

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7
Q

kidneys eliminate foreign substances

A

Such as:

  • drugs
  • food additives
  • pesticides
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8
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Acts on bone marrow to enhance the synthesis of red blood cells

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9
Q

Renin

A

substance involved in the autoregulation of the kidney

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10
Q

What is the superiour surface of the kidney capped by

A

adrenal gland

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11
Q

What is the basic unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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12
Q

How many nephrons are in 2 kidneys

A

2.5 million

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13
Q

What % of total cardiac output do they kidneys receive

A

20-25%

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14
Q

Roughly how much blood flows through kidneys each minute

A

1200ml

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15
Q

How do they kidneys receive blood

A

renal artery

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16
Q

basic renal processes

A
  • Filtration
  • reabsorption
  • secretion
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17
Q

Filtration

A

The formation of glomerular capillaries of an essentially protein-free filtrate of plasma

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18
Q

What allows pressure for filtration

A

blood pressure

19
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

very high (180L/day)

20
Q

Reabsorption

A

Substances that the body wants are reabsorbed

- those that it doesnt, stay in the tubule and are excreted

21
Q

Secretion

A

Substances may be specifically removed from the body in this way

22
Q

Which substance is actually being regulated

A

The ECF is being regulated and not the urine

23
Q

What maintains pressure to allow filtration

A

Capsule

24
Q

What level of Mbp does filtration completely halt

A

40mmHg

25
Q

Autoregulation

A

Independent of nerves or hormones

- occurs in denervated and in isolated perfused kidneys

26
Q

Autoregulation range

A

60-130mmHg

27
Q

What can override autoregulation

A

Activation of sympathetic nerves and Angiotensin II

28
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

Responsible for reabsorption

29
Q

What is a major site of reabsorption

A

proximal tubule

30
Q

how is the proximal tubule left after reabsorption

A

isosmotic with plasma

31
Q

What do all nephrons have in the cortex

A

proximal and distal tubules

32
Q

system essential for water balance

A

the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

33
Q

the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Allows the kidney to make urine in times of water defecit q

34
Q

Maximum concentration of urine that can be produced by the kidney

A

1200-1400 Osmoles/L

35
Q

Minimum obligitary loss of water

A

0.5L/day

36
Q

Kidneys producing urine of varying concentration

A

Becuase loops of henle of juxtamedullary nephrons act as concurrent multipliers

37
Q

Ascending limb of the loop and Henle

A
  • impermeable to water

- Actively co-transports Na+ and Cl- ions out of tubule lumen into the interstitium

38
Q

Descending limb of the loop of Henle

A

frrly permeable to water, but relatively impermeable to NaCl

39
Q

Significance of the concurrent multiplier

A

creates a hypertonic gradient in the medullary interstitium and delivers hypotonic fluid to the distal tubule

40
Q

Site of water regulation

A

collecting duct

41
Q

Collecting duct permeabiity

A

controlled by ADH

42
Q

How does ADH affect collecting duct permebility

A

If ADH is present then water can leave the collecting duct

43
Q

If maximum ADH is present

A

contents equilibrate with that of the medullary interstitium via osmotic efflux of water - becomes highly concentrated at the tip of the medulla

44
Q

absence of ADH

A

Collecting ducts are impermeable to water - large volume of dilute urine is excreted

Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health (24 decks)

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