2. Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What is the pathway of the first cranial nerve?

Answer 1

Receptors of the olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity–> foramina in the cribiform plate in the ethmoid bone–> synapses in the olfactory bulbs

Question 2

Which of the cranial nerves is capable of regenerating neural tissue?

Answer 2

Olfactory

Question 3

What is the pathway of the optic nerve?

Answer 3

Left and right are separate–> goes through the optic foramen of the sphenoid bone –> synapses in teh optic chiasm–> lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus–> to the occipital lobe

Question 4

What happens if there is a lesion at number 1?

Answer 4

Total right eye blindness

Question 5

What happens if there is a lesion at number 2?

Answer 5

Right nasal hemianopia due to lesion in the perichiasmal area

Question 6

What happens if there is a lesion at number 3?

Answer 6

Bipolar hemianopia

Question 7

What happens if there is a lesion at number 4?

Answer 7

Left homonymous hemianopia

Question 8

What happens if there is a lesion at number 5?

Answer 8

Left homonymous inferior quadrantanopia

Question 9

What happens if there is a lesion at number 6?

Answer 9

Left homonymous superior quadrantanopia

Question 10

What happens if there is a lesion at number 7?

Answer 10

Left homonymous

Question 11

Describe the innervations of the muscles of the eye

Answer 11

CN III: all the muscles of the eye except for superior oblique and lateral rectus

CN IV: superior oblique

CN VI: Lateral rectus

Question 12

What is the path of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 12

Starts in the oculomotor and Edinger Westphal nuclei–> leaves through the superior orbital fissure–> travels to the eyelid and the eye

Question 13

What are conditions that are caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 13

Ptosis, paralysis of the eye muscles, strabismus (eyes not parallel), diplopia

Question 14

What happens when there is nerve damage to the optic nerve?

Answer 14

Visual defects

Question 15

What is the path of the trochlea nerve?

Answer 15

Starts in the trochlear nucleus and leaves in the superior orbital fissure to the superior oblique muslce

Question 16

What are conditions that can occur if there is nerve damage in the trochlear nerve?

Answer 16

Paralysis of the superior oblique, strabismus, diplopia

Question 17

What is the pathway of the abducens nerve?

Answer 17

STarts in the pontine (abducens) of the pons and leaves through the superior orbital fissue and travels to the lateral rectus muscle

Question 18

What is caused when there is damage to the abducens muscle?

Answer 18

Lateral eye movement is limited

Diplopia

Question 19

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 19

V1: sensory from the cornea, nose, forehead, and the anterior scalp

V2: sensory from the nasal mucosa, palate, gums, and cheek

V3: sensory from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, skin of the chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, and one third from teh auricle of the ear

Question 20

What are the branches that come off of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 20

Lacrimal, Frontal, Nasociliary, Meningeal branch

Question 21

What are the branches that come off of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 21

Zygomatic, Infraorbital, Superior alveolar, Palatine, MEningeal

Question 22

What are the branches that come off of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 22

Buccal, Lingual, Inferior Alveolar, Auriculotemporal, Meningeal

Question 23

Describe trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 23

Inflammation of the sensory components of the trigeminal nerve that results in pulsating pain that can last for minutes to hours

Question 24

Describe Bell’s Palsy

Answer 24

damage to the facial nerve that results in paralysis of the eye muslces; inability to blink, sagging of the corner of the mouth that results in drooling

Question 25

What happens if there is damage in the vestibulocochlear nerve?

1. Vestibular branch
2. Cochlear branch

Answer 25

1. loss of balance; n/v, dizziness
2. cochlear: deafness

Question 26

What results if there is spinal accessory damage?

Answer 26

Paralysos of the trapexisu and the SCM that leads to difficulty elevating the trap or turning the head

Question 27

If a patient is stabbed in the posterior triangle of the neck and the spinal accessory nerve is damaged, what will result?

Answer 27

Paralysis in teh trapezius muscle, but the SCM would still be functional

Question 28

What happens if there is hypoglossal nerve damage?

Answer 28

Difficulty with swallowing and speech with impaired tongue movement

Question 29

You are in the room examining a patient, and upon examination, you notice that when they protrude their tongue, it deviates to the right, what do you suspect?

Answer 29

Right hypoglossal nerve damage