Blue boxes: Skull

Question 1

What are the complications of head injuries?

Answer 1

hemorrhage, infection, and injury to the brain including disturbance in consciousness

***car accidents are the most common

Question 2

What happens when you get hit in the eye and get a black eye (probably-in most cases)

Answer 2

Injury to the superciliary arches, which cause bleeding and tissue accumulation around the area of the orbit, resulting in a black eye

Question 3

What is a malar flush?

Answer 3

Redness of the skin over the zygomatic process that is common with a fever

Question 4

Describe fractures of the calvaria

Answer 4

1. depressed fracture
2. linear calvarial fracture
3. comminuted fracture
4. countercoup fracture

Question 5

Describe a depressed fracture of the skull

Answer 5

The bone depresses inward

Question 6

Describe a linear calvarial fracture

Answer 6

most frequent

occurs at the point of impact but the fracture lines radiate away from it or in 2+ directions

Question 7

Describe a comminuted fracture

Answer 7

bone broken into several pieces

Question 8

Describe a counter coup fracture

Answer 8

no fracture at the point of impact, but there is a fracture on the opposite side of the skull

Question 9

Why are bone flaps used in surgical procedures involving the skull?

Answer 9

because the skin that lays on top of the skull is highly vascularized and healing is intensified following the surgery. It helps everything to fuse back together

Question 10

In infants, why is it possible that their facial nerves can be damaged by the forceps upon delivery?

Answer 10

because there are no mastoid process and the nerve is close to the surface, so when the forceps go into reach the babies head, it can damage the nerve

Question 11

What are the fontanelles that are present in the babies skull?

Answer 11

Fontanelles are the soft spots of a babies skull include anterior, posterior, sphenoidal, and mastoid

Question 12

What is the anterior fontanelle?

Answer 12

Largest one; star shaped

between the frontal bone and the parietal bones at the junction of the sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures

Question 13

What is the metopic suture of the frontal bone a remnant of?

Answer 13

The frontal suture; the area where the frontal bones were split into 2

Question 14

What is the posterior fontanelle?

Answer 14

Triangular and is between the parietal bone and the occipital bone at the junction of the lamboid and the sagittal sutures

Question 15

The temporals muscle covers these two fontanelles in infants

Answer 15

sphenoidal and the mastoid fontanelles

Question 16

Describe the shape that the infants skull takes during childbirth

Answer 16

The halves of the frontal bone becomes flat, the occipital bone is drawn out, and the parietal bones override each other

Question 17

Which sinuses grow immensely through childhood until adulthood?

Answer 17

Paranasal sinuses; help to morph the shape of the face

Question 18

At what age does the “obliteration” of cranial sutures occur?

Answer 18

30-40; internal surface obliterates first followed by the external about 10 years later

Question 19

What are the age changes that occur in the mandible

Answer 19

Teeth: deciduous and then permanent
the mandible fuses within the first year of life

The mandible moves downward, which allows for the paranasal sinuses to develop

Question 20

What are the age changes that occur in the skull?

Answer 20

Cranial bones become progressively thinner and lighter

Question 21

What is scaphocephaly?

Answer 21

wedge shaped head that is caused by the premature closure of the sagittal suture

Question 22

What is plagiocephaly?

Answer 22

premature closure of the coronal r lambed sutures on one side of the head, which causes a twisted and asymmetrical head

Question 23

What is oxycephaly?

Answer 23

High tower like cranium that is caused by the premature closure of the coronal suture