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ENG211 > Syntax > Flashcards

Syntax Flashcards

1
Q

Syntax

A

structure of sentences

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2
Q

Grammar

A

complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic information and rules that speakers of a given language possess

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3
Q

Structure

A

organized combination of mutually connected and dependent parts or elements

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4
Q

Constituents

A

syntactic units

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5
Q

Phrases

A

a group of words (or possibly a single word) that functions as a constituent in the syntax of a sentence, a single unit within a grammatical hierarchy

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6
Q

Pronominalisation

A

substitution of a constituent by a pronoun

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7
Q

Movement

A

if a string of words can be moved to other sentential positions,

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8
Q

Mother Node

A

node immediately above a given node

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9
Q

Sister Node

A

nodes that share the same mother node

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10
Q

Structural Ambiguity

A

presence of two or more possible meanings within a single sentence or sequence of words

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11
Q

Head

A

most important element of a phrase, phrases named after their head; ex: prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, etc.

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12
Q

Demonstratives

A

occur in slot 1 of a noun phrase, but also as words replacing a whole phrase

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13
Q

Subordinate Clauses

A

a group of words that has both a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence

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14
Q

Clause

A

Syntactic unit that consists minimally of a verb phrase and its subject

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15
Q

Sentences

A

largest syntactic unit and made up of one or more clause

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16
Q

Matrix Clause

A

main clause; clauses that can stand on their own

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17
Q

Predicate

A

one of the two main parts of a sentence; auxiliary and main verbs in a sentence

18
Q

Subject-Verb Agreement

A

syntactic process which requires subject and verb to share the same person and number features

19
Q

Case Forms

A

forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

20
Q

Transitive Verbs

A

verbs that need an object

21
Q

Intransitive Verbs

A

verbs that cannot take an object

22
Q

Ditransitive Verbs

A

verbs that can take 2 objects

23
Q

Direct Object

A

one object of a ditransitive verb; denotes entity that undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb

24
Q

Indirect Object

A

recipient or beneficiary of the event denoted by the verb, object that denotes the goal

25
Q

Adverbial (Adjunct)

A

constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subject and object; modifiers of the clause or verb phrase

26
Q

Complement

A

semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents

27
Q

Predicative Complements

A

complements of verbs, one participant involved and the nominal phrases that follow verbs provide information about the subject

28
Q

Phrase Structure Rules

A

rules that build syntactic structures

29
Q

Pro-Form

A

a word or phrase that can take the place of another word (or word group) in a sentence

30
Q

Coordination Test

A

only constituents can be coordinated

31
Q

Coordination

A

frequently occurring complex syntactic structure that links together two or more elements, known as conjuncts or conjoins

32
Q

Sentential Function

A

an expression that contains one or more variables and becomes a declarative sentence when constants are substituted for the variables

33
Q

Gapping

A

a rule of transformational grammar by which repeated instances of a verb are deleted from conjoined sentences

34
Q

Noun Phrases

A

phrases headed by a noun (NP)

35
Q

Prepositional Phrases

A

phrases headed by a preposition (PP)

36
Q

Adjective Phrases

A

phrases headed by an adjective (AP)

37
Q

Verb Phrases

A

phrases headed by a verb (VP)

38
Q

Adverb Phrases

A

phrases headed by an adverb (ADVP)

39
Q

Lexical Category

A

syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language

40
Q

Projection

A

in a phrase, when the head projects its properties onto the phrase as a whole

ENG211 (6 decks)

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