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MSK > Histology - ANS and PNS > Flashcards

Histology - ANS and PNS Flashcards

1
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A
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2
Q

What parts of the neuron receive the excitatory and inhibitory signals?

A

Soma and dendrites

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3
Q

If cell body receives enough excitatory signals, it will approach threshold.

True/False

A

True

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4
Q

Where on a neuron are the highest density of Na+ channels?

A

Nodes of ranvier

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5
Q

What is the ion channel profile like at the axon hillock?

A

Transitioning from ligand gated / GPCR to voltage gated Na+ and K+

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6
Q

In […] syndrome, anitbodies against schwann cells are produced which causes the schwann cells to be opsonized by the host’s own immune system and the result is unmyelinated neurons.

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

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7
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8
Q

What are nissl bodies?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum with a rosette of ribosomes

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11
Q

When referring to a multipolar, unipolar, or bipolar neuron, what is the “polar” portion?

A

The number of sensory poles

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12
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13
Q

What is the difference between a schwann cell and an oligodendrocyte?

A

Schwann cells myelinate only 1 portion of 1 axon in PNS

Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple portions of the same axon or multiple portions of different axons in CNS

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14
Q

[…] myelinate axons in PNS

A

Schwann cells

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15
Q

[…] myelinate cells in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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16
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17
Q

Describe the process of myelin sheath forming in the PNS.

A

The schwann cells wraps itself around the axon multiple times folding its cytoplasm over itself for many turns

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20
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21
Q

What is this structure and how do you know?

A

Dorsal root ganglia –> indicated by central nucleus that has an “owl’s eye” appearance

22
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A
23
Q

The myelinated axons are located in the […] matter

A

White

24
Q

The cell bodies and dendrites are located in the […] matter

A

Grey

25
Q

The […] carries efferent signals away from the spinal cord

A

Ventral nerve

26
Q

The […] is the site in the spinal cord where efferent signals are generated.

A

Ventral horn

27
Q

The […] carries signals from the body to the spinal cord.

A

Dorsal nerve

28
Q

Sensory signals from the body terminate at the […] in the spinal cord

A

Dorsal horn

29
Q

Where are the alpha motor neurons of the spinal cord located? What is unique about these neurons?

A

Ventral horn

They are the largest cells in the CNS

30
Q
A
31
Q

Are unmyelinated cells truly unmyelinated?

A

No - they are loosely myelinated. They possess a single concentric layer of myelin around the axon.

32
Q
  • Unmyelinated cells are also called […]
  • They transmit […] signals
  • Their conduction speed is […]
  • Their diameter is […]
A
  • C-fibers
  • Pain
  • Slow
  • Small
33
Q

Neurons with their cell bodies in the brain that are part of the corticospinal tract have their synapse in the […] of the spinal cord.

A

Ventral horn

34
Q

What is the structure that is boxed? What are they?

A

Schmidt - Lanternman Incisures

These arise from a build up of cytoplasm when the schwann cell is wrapping itself around the axon

35
Q

What is the boxed structure and what does it contain?

A
36
Q

Can you tell the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on a histology slide?

A

No

37
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic nerves originate in the […] and they are […] in length. They synapse on postganglionic nerves that are located […] the spine and are […] in length.

A
  • Thoracic and lumbar division of the spinal cord
  • Short
  • Near
  • Long
38
Q

In the parasympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic nerves originate in the […] and they are […] in length. They synapse on postganglionic nerves that are located […] and are […] in length.

A
  • Brain (they are cranial nerves) and sacral spinal nerves
  • Long
  • near the tissues they innervate
  • Short
39
Q

What are the vertebral column levels that correspond to sympathetic preganglionic nerves?

A

T1 - L2

40
Q

What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

41
Q

What regions of the sacral spine contain parasympathetic preganglionic nervs?

A

S2 - S4

42
Q

What is the general role of the sympathetic NS?

A

Fight or flight

43
Q

What is the general role of the parasympathetic NS?

A

Rest and digest

44
Q

All […] nerves are myelinated.

All […] nerves are unmyelinated.

A

Preganglionic

Postganglionic

45
Q

What are chromaffin cells?

A

Cells that are located in the adrenal medulla that produce epinephrine and norepinephrine and release them into the blood vessels

46
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A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q

Label these structures.

A

Green = epineurium

Blue = perineurium

50
Q
A

Blue = perineurium

Green = epineurium

MSK (38 decks)

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