Vertebral column

Question 1

What are the activities of daily living?

Answer 1

B - bathing

A - ambulation

T - toileting

T - transfers

E - eating

D - dressing

Question 2

What are the 3 primary factors that effect the degree of movement of a joint?

Answer 2

• Articulating bony surfaces
• Ligaments
• Muscle tone

Question 3

What are the secondary factors affecting the degree of movement of a joint?

Answer 3

• Skin
• Fascia
• Bursae
• Synovial sheaths

Question 4

What are some ways to tell if a joint is designed for structure or mobility?

Answer 4

Joints designed for mobility tend to have smaller surface areas

Question 5

What are the 2 major sub-classifications of joints?

Answer 5

Solid joints

Synovial joints

Question 6

Solid joints can be subdivided into what types of joints?

Answer 6

Fibrous and cartilaginous

Question 7

What are 4 distinguishing features of synovial joints?

Answer 7

• Joint cavity
• Articular cartilage
• Synovial membrane
• Fibrous capsule

Question 8

What are the types of synovial joints?

Answer 8

Condylar

Gliding

Hinge

Ball and Socket

Saddle

Pivot

Question 9

Horizontal spinal facet surfaces […] axial rotation

Vertical spinal facet surfaces […] axial rotation

Answer 9

Favor

Block

Question 10

• What are the 3 MAJOR factors contributing to the stability and mobility of the spine?
• What additional factor limits movement of the spine?
• What additional factors facilitate movement of the spine?

Answer 10

• Orientation of facets; Orientation of spinous processes; Size of intervertebral discs
• Supporting structures
• Activation of the neuromuscular system

Question 11

Vertebral body symphysis is […]

Answer 11

Articulation between adjacent vertebral bodies

Question 12

Facet synovial joints in the vertebral column refers to […]

Answer 12

Articulation between superior and inferior facets

Question 13

What are the supporting structures of symphysis joints and what are their functions?

Answer 13

Intervertebral disk

Anterior longitudinal ligament - Limits extension of vertebral column and maintains stability of intervertebral discs

Posterior longitudinal ligament - Restricts flexion of vertebral column and posterior herniation of discs

Question 14

• What are the supporting structures of the vertebral facet articulation?
• What is their function?

Answer 14

• Ligamentum flava - resist flexion of vertebral column
• Interspinous - limits flexion of vertebral column
• Intertransverse - limits lateral bending to contralateral side
• Supraspinous - limits flexion of vertebral column
• Ligamentum Nuchae - attachment for trapezius and rhomboid minor, support neck, prevent hyperflexion

Question 15

Predict the direction an intervertebral disk will protrude (herniate) with excessive force into flexion or extension of the spine.

Answer 15

The nucleus pulposus is most likely to herniate through the annulus fibrosis at the posterior lateral disk space

Question 16

What structure is shown in this image and what is its function?

Answer 16

• Ligamentum Nuchae
• Provides muscle attachment for trapezius and rhomboid minor, supports the neck, prevents hyperflexion

Question 17

What movements are shown here?

Answer 17

Flexion

Extension

Lateral flexion

Torsion/rotation

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

What type of articulation is the atlantooccipital joint?

Answer 21

A condyloid type between atlas lateral masses and occipital condyles

Question 22

What type of articulation is the atlanto-axial joint?

Answer 22

A pivot joint - the dens on the axis forms joint with anterior arch and transverse ligament

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

The atlanto-occipital joint is deisgned for […]

Answer 24

stability

Question 25

The atlanto-occipital joint allows for what movements?

Answer 25

Flexion

Extension

Lateral Flexion

Almost no rotation