The organisational and historical context

Question 1

What is the newest form of commercial organisations to achieve legal recognition in the UK?

Answer 1

Limited partnership

Question 2

An organisation that owns several other organisations is often known as…

Answer 2

A holding company

Question 3

The Kerry Group, Shell Oil, and Kellog’s are examples of…

Answer 3

Multinational corporations

Question 4

What kind of organisations are quoted on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ?

Answer 4

Public limited companies

Question 5

What does the acronym QUANGO stand for?

Answer 5

Quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisation

Question 6

What two functions are served by an organisation’s culture?

Answer 6

Integration and communication

Question 7

Schneider believed that organisational cultures are strongly influenced by…

Answer 7

the personality of the founder

Question 8

What are the three main mechanisms by which a culture is perpetuated?

Answer 8

Attraction
Selection
Attrition

Question 9

What two main types of culture did Hall identify?

Answer 9

Low context (Individualistic)
High context (Rational)

Question 10

Describe high-context cultures.

Answer 10

Where only part of the message is communicated in words, and the other part is inferred from the physical setting, body language, and previous history.

Question 11

State 3 of the dimensions of culture identified by Hofstede.

Answer 11

Any 3 of the below:

• Power distance
• Individualism
• Masculinity
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Long term orientation
• Indulgence

Question 12

To which school of management did Fredrick W Taylor belong?

Answer 12

Scientific management

Question 13

What experiment is Fredrick W Taylor famous for?

Answer 13

Time study - experiments on loading iron and coal

Question 14

Who was Henri Fayol and what did he identify?

Answer 14

A French industrialist who identified five major management processes

Question 15

To which school of management did Max Weber belong?

Answer 15

Classical theorists

Question 16

Max Weber is most famous for his work on…

Answer 16

Bureaucracy

Question 17

Who created the field of industrial psychology?

Answer 17

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 18

Which school of management did Mary Parker Follett and Elton Mayo belong to?

Answer 18

Human relations

Question 19

What experiments is Elton Mayo famous for?

Answer 19

Lighting / Illumination experiments

Question 20

Define the Hawthorn Effect.

Answer 20

When spurious results arise because people respond to the interest taken in them

Question 21

What did Elton Mayo’s studies on the bank wiring room show?

Answer 21

That social norms influence productivity

Question 22

The major distinction between “closed systems” and “open systems” is that the latter involves…

Answer 22

feedback from the environment

Question 23

What is entropy?

Answer 23

The tendency for a system to run down, decay, and become chaotic in the absence of regular inputs

Question 24

What is synergy?

Answer 24

The extra value created through the interaction between the parts of a system.

Question 25

What is Fiedler famous for?

Answer 25

His research on contingency theory of leadership.

Question 26

According to Fiedler, when should a task-oriented management style be used?

Answer 26

When situational control is either low or high

Question 27

Which school of management did Woodward’s study of small firms belong to?

Answer 27

Contingency theory

Question 28

According to Woodward, which type of production system is likely to result in the GREATEST span of control?

Answer 28

Mass production

Question 29

According to Woodward, which type of production system is likely to result in the SMALLEST span of control?

Answer 29

Continuous production