UWORLD Respiratory

Question 1

diffusion limited gas?

Answer 1

CO

Question 2

Chronic sleep apnea can result in?

Answer 2

Pulmonary HTN (from vasoconstriction due to hypoxia)

Question 3

Respiratory control based on?

Answer 3

increasedCO2 - central chemoR - increased RR

decreasedO2 - peripheral chemoR - decreased RR

Question 4

danger in giving in a pt with longstanding COPD pure O2?

Answer 4

Might stop breathing.

In longstanding COPD RR no longer controlled by increased CO2 (because pt always has increased CO2); RR is now solely controlled by increases in PO2. Give O2, and pt has no stimulus to breath

Question 5

Airway resistance greatest where? lowest where?

Answer 5

Bronchi. lowest in terminal bronchioles.

Question 6

Exercise. Changes in PaCO2 and PaO2?

Answer 6

none. Changes only in veins

Question 7

Lung whited out on CXR and trachea deviated toward lesion?

if away from lesions?

Answer 7

Bronchus obstruction.

Pleural space dz (like effusion)

Question 8

Pt with suspected cystis fibrosis. transepithlial potential difference is more negative than normal because?

Answer 8

Increased Na resoprtion (fuctioning CFTR would secrete Cl to keep out Na)

Sweat glands are the only glands where CFTR resorbs Cl (why normally, high Cl in sweat means CFTR problem)

Question 9

Adult ARDS - diffuse injury leads to?

Answer 9

Alveolar hyaline membranes

Question 10

Interalveolar wall destruction?

Answer 10

Emphasema

Question 11

Tumor with columnar mucin-secreting cells that do not invade stroma?

Answer 11

Branchioloalveolar CA. Sill malignant, despite not invading

Question 12

lung transplant rejection: acute vs chronic?

Answer 12

parenchymal infiltrates vs infiltration of small aiways

Question 13

Tissue destruction from TB caused by?

Answer 13

Delayed type IV HSR

Question 14

Cyclical breathing with gradually increasing then decreasing tidal volume broken up by periods of apnea?

Answer 14

CHF (Cheyne-stokes respirations)

Question 15

Asthma - most common provocateurs?

Answer 15

dander ,feathers, dust, pollen

Question 16

Asbestos exposure - most likely to get what cancer?

Answer 16

1. BRONCHOGENIC caner

2. Mesothelioma

Question 17

Phases of lobar pneumonia?

Answer 17

Congestion - red, heavy and full of bacteral exudate
Red hepatization - red, firm and with exudate with RBCs, neutrophils and fibrin
Gray hepatization - pale, firm and with broken RBCs
Resolution - enzymes digest exudate

Question 18

Carcinoid tumor, associated with changes in levels of?

Answer 18

decreased niacin (used up to make W)

Question 19

Hamartomas contain?

Answer 19

Hyaline cartilage, fat, smooth muscle.

Question 20

spontaneous pneumothrax - cause?

Answer 20

rupture of Apical subpleural blebs

Question 21

Newborn with bilious vomiting, dilatation of the small bowel, and air fluid levels caused by fecal mass?

Answer 21

cystic fibrosis

Question 22

Only places in respiratory tract lined with stratified squamous? Rest of upper tract lined with?

Answer 22

Oropharynx, laryngopharync, anterior epiglottis, and true vocal cords. Pseudostratified, columbar mucus-secreting epithelium.

Question 23

Cells in lungs with elastase?

Answer 23

alveolar macrophages

Question 24

If you kill type II cells - result?

Answer 24

atelectasis

Question 25

Intercoastal VAN located where?

Answer 25

lower side of ribs

Question 26

Calcified hilar lymph nodes - exposure to?
Calcified pleural plaques?
Non-caseating epitheloid granulomas?

Answer 26

silica
Asbestos
beryllium (indistinguishable from sarcoid)

Question 27

SVC syndrome. Type of tumor and location?

Answer 27

bronchiogenic tumor in mediastinum

Question 28

Green sputum - color due to?

Answer 28

myeloperoxidase