6. Health determinants. Health Indicators Flashcards
Medical Demography – history, classification. Demographic transition model
what is the purpose of health indicators
- the European Commision aimed to produce comparable information on health and health related behavoir on diseases and health systems
- the European Community Health Indicator project was done to establish these aims
- ECHI provides info on any given topic in the population that relates to health
what are the main categories for the ECHI-1 project indicator set
1) Demographic and socioeconomic factors
* Socioeconomic factors e.g. income & education
2) Health status
- morbidity
- mortality
- fertility rate
- adolescent fertility rate
- total fertility rate
- general health status
3)Determinants of health
- living conditions
- health behaviours
- personal and biologicval factors
4)Health system
- healthcare resources
- health promotion, prevention, protection
list the General requirements of health indicators
- easy to read and understand
- relevant to policy
- selected from reliable resources
- comparable
- does not impose a large burden on the statistical institutes of the Ministry of Health
what is a health life indicator
(Disability free life expectancy)
Disability free life expectancy = the no of remaining years that a person of a certain age is supposed to live w/o disability
- Distinguishes betw/ years lived free from active limitation and years of life with at least 1 year w/ active limitation
- used to enforce Policies in order to allocate resources however not all life can be disease free
what are the health indicators according to WHO
Health status
__1) Mortality by age and sex
- life expectancy at birth
- mortality under 5
- infant mortality rate
2) Mortality by cause
- maternal mortality ratio
- AIDS
- malaria
- mortality betw/ 30-70 d/2 CVD
3) Fertility
- adolescent fertility rate
- total fertility rate
4) Morbidity
- new cases of vaccine preventable diseases
- cancer incidence by type
- STI incidence rate
Risk factors
- __nutrition
- infections & condom use
- environmental
- non communicable diseases
- injuries
Service coverage
immunizations, HIVE coverage, cervical cancer screen
Health systems
- access to healthcare systems
- promotion, prevention, protection
- health expenditure and finances
- healthcare quality
What is the Policy Rainbow?
Dahlgren & Whitehead’s Social Health Mode Determinants of health are divided into 2 groups;
A. Unmodifiable fixed individual characteristic: Sex, Age, Genetic Factors B. Potentially modifiable factors – expressed as series of four consecutive layers of impact
1st layer: personal behaviour & ways of living that can promote damage of health.
2nd layer: underlines the impact of social and community networks.
3rd layer : structural factors related to living conditions; housing, work environment, access to healthcare services, water and sanitation, unemployment, education, agriculture and food production
4th layer –Includes wider socioeconomic, cultural and environment conditions
