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Social Med Final Boss > indices > Flashcards

indices Flashcards

1
Q

Reproductive health indicators

A
  1. Total fertility rate
  2. Contraceptive prevalence (%)
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2
Q

Total fertility rate -

A

Total number of children a woman
would have by the end of her reproductive period if she
experienced the currently prevailing age-specific fertility rates
throughout her childbearing life.

isreal has no 1 fertility rate of developed countries

mexico 2nd

factors

  • Educational status of woman
  • Occupational status of woman
  • Religious and cultural reasons
  • Ecological factors.
  • Social economic factors
  • IVF
    • in bg 2.5%
    • 4 procedures are covered by public funds for those uder 43
    • age limit is menopause
    • age limit for donors is 51

one child policy ended in 2

  • Less people going into work force. Ratio of females to males due to more males.
    Disparity between males and females.
    People were exempt such as national minorities.
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3
Q

Contraceptive prevalence (%)

A
  • Percentage of women
    of reproductive age (15-49) who are using (or whose
    partner is using) a contraceptive method at a particular
    point in time.
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4
Q

Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators

A
  1. Total population (x 1000)
  2. Population growth rate (%)
  3. Crude birth rate (per 1000)
  4. Infant mortality rate (per 1000)
  5. Neonatal mortality rate
  6. Early neonatal mortality rate (per 1000)
  7. Late neonatal mortality rate (per 1000)
  8. Post-neonatal mortality rate
  9. Crude death rate (per 1000)
  10. Natural increase
  11. Total increase
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5
Q
  1. Total population (x 1000)
A
  • De facto population in a
    country, area or region. Figures are presented in thousands.
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6
Q
  1. Population growth rate (%)
A
  • Average exponential rate
    of growth of the population over a given period. It is
    calculated as ln(Pt/P0)/t where t is the length of the
    period. It is expressed as a percentage.
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7
Q
  1. Crude birth rate (per 1000)
A

Number of births over
a given period divided by the person-years lived by the
population over that period. It is expressed as number of
births per 1000 population.

no of births /no of people in pop. in given area at given time x 1000

= birth rate per mil

ireland had a baby boom

uk has high birth rate

for long term predictions the fertility rate is prefered

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8
Q
  1. Infant mortality rate (per 1000)
A

no of deaths of infants
dying between birth and exact age 1. in a given period/ 1000 live births in the same period

useful for indicationg quality of h.c services

factors influencing IMR

  • qual and access to h.c
  • age of mother = below 20 and 40-49 have higher IMR a
  • decreases after 2nd and increases after 3rd
  • larger birrth interval min 2 ideal is 4
  • living conditions

divded into

  • prenatal: till birth
  • post natal: after birth
    • neonatal 0-28
      • early0-7 late8-28
    • postneonatal 28 days-1yr
  • perinatal22weeks gestation-7 day

causes of neonatal mortality (high in bg)

  • low bw, premature birth, difficult labour
  • birth trauma, congenital anamolies, h.lytic disease

causes of postneonatal mortality

  • diarrhoeal diseases
  • acute respiratory infections
  • malnutrition
  • accidentss
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9
Q
  1. Neonatal mortality rate
A

– The number of deaths in the
neonatal period during a given time period per 1000 live
births during the same time period.

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10
Q
  1. Early neonatal mortality rate (per 1000)
A
  • Deaths at 0-6 days after live birth
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11
Q

Late neonatal mortality rate (per 1000)

A
  • Deaths between days 7-27 after live birth
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12
Q
  1. Post-neonatal mortality rate
A

– The number of deaths
after 28 days up to, but not including, one year of age

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13
Q
  1. Crude death rate (per 1000)
A
  • Number of deaths
    over a given period divided by the person-years lived by
    the population over that period. It is expressed as
    number of deaths per 1000.

no of deaths /no of people in pop. in given area at given time

x 1000

= death rate per mil

  • age related: infant mortality rate & fetal losses
  • cause relates: diseases, injuries, suicide, homicide
  • life expectancy ( sex and age related)

in europe highest is in Eastern europe. lowest is in turkey d/2 young population

factors influencing death rate

  1. standard of living
  2. quality and access to health care
  3. age & gender
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14
Q
  1. Natural increase
A
  • The difference between the number
    of live born children and the number of deaths for a
    given area in the calendar year.

doesn’t take migration into account unlike total increase.

negative natural increase is compensated for by positive migration

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15
Q
  1. Total increase
A
  • The sum of natural increase and net
    migration for a given area in the calendar year.
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16
Q

What is
prevalence?

A
17
Q

What is
incidence?

A

Prevalence of cases with temp. disability = number of
cases with temporary inability for work (number of only
primary list)/number of health provided.

-Prevalence of days with temp. disability= number of days
with temporary inability for work(sum of all hospital lists)/
number of health provided people * 10

18
Q
  1. What are the
    Indices relevant to
    the Dispensary
    Method?
A

Relative part of early discovered ill people = number of these
people/ number of all new ill people * 100

Relative part of regularly observed ill people =
number of these people / number of all dispensarisated
people *100

Relative part of regularly treated people = number of these
people / number of all dispensarisated people *100

Timeliness of dispensary method =
number of dispensarisated for the first time people / number
of discovered for the first time ill people *100

Relative part of people with improvement =
number of these people / number of all dispensarisated
people *100

Relative part of people without improvement =
number of these people/ number of all dispensarisated people
*100

Relative part of people with change for worse=
number of these people / Number of all dispensarisated
people *100

Relative part of people who died =
number of these people / Number of all dispensarisated
people *100

Medium temporary incapacity for work =
General number of sick leave days / Number of all
dispensarisated people *100

19
Q

Indices measuring
hospital activities?

A

Quantitative indicators – they describe how the hospital
beds are utilized.

Qualitative indicators – such as hospital case-fatality rate,
postoperative complications, etc.

Data necessary to calculate statistical indicators:

  1. Total number of beds
  2. Total number of patients passed through the facility = it is calculated as sum of patients admitted and discharged divided by 2, at particular clinic from other clinics also are taken into account.
  3. Total number of patient days.

INDICES

  • ​​ Average length of stay is the total number of patient days per year counting the day of admission but not the day of discharge, / by the total number of patients who passed through the facility.
  • Average bed occupancy rate is total number of patient days / by the number of beds.
  • Bed turnover is total number of patients who passed through the facility /by the total number of beds.
  • Case-fatality rate is calculated as the number of deaths in a hospital / by the number of admitted patients

multiplied by 100.

20
Q

fresh incidence

A

number of new found diseases / the population at risk x10n

21
Q

indicatros for quality of public health and prevention

A
  1. crude death rate( easist to use d/2 available resources)
  2. infant mortality rate
  3. life expectancy
22
Q

life expectancy

A
  • increased by 10 years for both men and women in the EU in the last 50 years
  • contributes to aging factor in EU along w/ decline in fertility
  • average life expectancy: has a gender gap
    • M: 77.9
    • F: 83.3
23
Q

Demographic balancing
equation

A

Starting population + (Births – Deaths) +
(Immigration – Emigration) =
= Starting population + (Natural increase) + (Net
migration) = Ending population

24
Q

maternal medical certificates

A

410 days => 90% of insurable income

  • 135 days with 3 medical certificates:
  • 45 days before the term - medical certificate from GP/OG
  • 42 days after birth –document of maternity given when being discharged from hospital
  • 48 days – medical certificate from the child’s paediatrician
  • 275 days - paid by the NHI
  • Paid vacation until the child turns 2 years (minimal salary)
  • Single payment for the birth of a child - 250 Lev, (twins 500lev)

Social Med Final Boss (15 decks)

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