Definitions Flashcards
Health legislation
Set of all legal Regilative documents which control the variety of health care systems
What is public health
the health of a population living within one border of a country
What is public health international colla
Neighbour and workd nations come together to improve the health of their populations aswell as prevent any worsening of their condition
European health strategy
Healthier together in the EU
Surveillance method
Ongoing method of collecting. Interpretation. And analysing data essential to the planning, implementation and planning of public health practice
Sources of surveillance
vital records e.g birth records, infants mortality, divorce
Lab records
Passive surveillance
-gather data from potential reporting individuals
Active surveillance
- surveillance system gives stimulus to individuals in the form of personal feedback or other insentives
Sentinel surveillance
- randomly or intentionally selects a small group of individuals to gather it’s data from
Observation
Method of data involving being close to to things such that the observer can directly perceive and record the environment under study
social prophylaxis
social prophylaxis occurs After a social factor has been identifies & consists of the development of preventative programs that inhibit any kind of influence/impact by this factor
social therapy
introduction of sociotherapeutic factors with inclusion of positive factors that should promote re-establishment of health.
primary prophylaxis
interventions in the susceptible stage to reduce risk factors and prevent the occurence of disease
secondary prophylaxis
early detection of disease in order to prevent it’s progression
-screening, checkups, excercise
tertiary prophylaxis
full picture of disease is present and aim is the limitation of disability and provide rehabilitation
prevention
an activity that aims to eliminate risk factors
etiology
study of the cause of a disease
therapy
trying to positivley affect the person w/ the disease
SOCIAL ETIOLOGY
social risk factors that can causes diseases e.g.
- htn, smoking, obesty
most risk factors are social risk factors except genetic
SOCIAL PREVENTION
prevention of risk factors after they’ve been identified
SOCIAL THERAPY
removal of risk factors and the introduction of positive factors. e.g. excercise and diet
can potentially cure a disease
rehab
support pt’s after complete/ partial recovery of a disease using physical factors
SOCIAL REHAB
introduction of positive social factors to help individuals to progress to healthy life andre-introduction into society
the GPis responsible for the social rehab and gather’s a team especially for the pt and disease e.g.
child require paediatric consultant for the disease, social team, educators etc
health determinants (acc 2 who)
- heredity
-lifestyle
public health services ,
environment.
individual health
lowest level of health.
consists of
genetic, social, mental & physical health, which is influenced, by lifestyle & environment
Disease VS Illness
Disease: biological & physical phenomena that manifest as changes & malfunctions of the human body
can only be managed not cured
Illness: experience of the disease
can usually be cured
disability
difficulty of a person to carry out basic activities
Group health
⇒ the health of social and ethnic groups within a population
Public health
⇒ the health of a population and a society as a whole living w/in the border of one country
morbidity
totality of all new and old registered diseases for a certain year for which medical help was searched for
demography
studies the characteristics of
the human populations e.g. size, growth, density, distribution, vital statistic
Medical Demography
studies the demographic processes closely related to the health of
the population
population
demographic pop: number of people in a given area
statisics pop: all the units in consideration
1)population STATIC:
studies ~size, ~distribution & ~structure of a pop by --age -- sex mainly uses the census
2)population DYNAMIC :
studies population change & the processes that influence that change
uses registries
1)immigration 2)civil like birth and death 3)residence
census (every 10 years)
total process of collecting, compiling and publishing Demographic, Economic and Social data , at a specified time, to all persons in a country / delimited territory.
In Bulgaria don’t have exact how
many people are leaving.
conducted by NATIONAL STATISTIC INSTITUTE BG
uk= office for national statistics
eurape EUROSTAT
law of 70 d/2 pop boom
used to calculate the notion of doubling time
- if pop grows 1%/ year in 70 years it should have doubled it’s original population
- if 2% a year then it doubles in 70/2 years= 25 years
postulation pyramid.
Important to study ratio of children
and elderly, and the dependent .
Intrested in the work force and which part will go
to elderly and retire.
-expansive, stationary and constrictive
demographic ageing
shift in country’s distribution toward older ages.
shown by
1)increased mean population age,
2)decline fertility rates = decline in proportion of children
3) Increase in life expectancy=increase in elderly
changes voting as elderly are most consistent. increase in age related health problems
what is the Demographic Transition Model
a model that describes the population DYNAMIC
first described in the 1940s.
presents four stages in the evolution of the population in a society and the 2 ways the change is shown
change over space: as many countries at any one time can show population characteristics of different stages
change over time: in theory countries progress through all stages at some time
health determinants according to ECHI
Personal and biological factors
health behaviours
Living and working conditions
Disability free life expectancy
= the no of remaining years that a person of a certain age is supposed to live w/o disability
